Unit 7 "Memory" Flashcards
what’s memory and what’s it composed of w/ definition?
memory is retaining information coming from your senses.
Encoding: Putting something in your brain
Storage: Keeping the info in your brain
Retrieval: ability to access the info when you need it
When you can’t remember something, which process did the error occur? and explain
Encoding, you can’t fully remember something when you didn’t encode it correctly
____an imaginary walk on a familiar pathway
Method of loci
A type of memory where you have to see, hear or sense it in order to help it long-term.
What are the 2 kinds w/ definition & time it lasts?
Sensory memory
Iconic: Visual (1/4 -2secs)
Echoic: Hearing (2=3secs)
____ focusing on something in order to learn better/faster. It moves ____ to ______
Selective attention
Sensory memory —> Short term memory
Explain the whole process of retaining/learning something.
Sensory memory– Selective Attention– Short term–Consolidating (rehearsal)– long term
____A memory that doesn’t last long.
How long does it stay? and how much capacity can it hold?
Short-term memory
It stays for 20 secs & can hold 7+/- 2 items
___ what’s currently in the brain at the moment. You’re also using long-term memory at the same time.
(same thing as short)
Working memory
What do we do in order to increase the capacity of short-term memory?
What do we do in order to make a memory long-term?
Chunk
Rehearsal
What do you call when we generalize (automatic attribute) something due to previous experiences?
Schema
What are the 4 kinds of memory?
not short/long
Implicit, Explicit, Retrospective, Prospective
A type of memory that you have a mental picture of (remember).
Explicit memory
What are the 2 kinds of Explicit memory?
Episodic memory: personal experiences in life
Sematic memory: knowledge (math)
___ is a process to remember explicit memory.
What do you have to do?
Effortful process, you have to think about them in order to remember
A type of memory that’s about doing something (muscle memory).
And what is the other name?
Implicit memory, procedural memory
___ is a process of implicit memory has to go through.
Explain
Automatic Processing, effortless ability to remember things that you can do
Any type of memory from the past
Retrospective memory
A type of memory that you have to do in the future
Prospective memory
What are the 3 measures of retention?
and definitions
Recall: remember w/o clues
Recognition: remember w/ clues
Relearning: how fast someone can learn previously learned materials
Process in which the brain can multi-task
Parallel Processing
How can you remember/learn long term when studying?
Spacing Effect
Where is memory located in the brain?
Hippocampus
What process do you need to go through to move info into long-term memory?
Memory consolidating
A type of memory w/ unlimited capacity and can hold info for lengthy periods of time
Long-term memory
what provides a neural bases for learning and remembering?
long term potentiation (LTP)
What are 2 kinds of amnesia? and explain
Retrograde: Can’t remember something from the past
Anterograde: Can’t form new memories
____ is exposure to one thing can later alter behavior or thoughts
Priming
A type of memory where you vividly remember memories when reminded
Flashbulb memory
What are the 2 theories on why we forget? And Explain
Decay theory: memories fade overtime
Interference theory: forget due to competition from other material
When you can’t remember “new” info because of “old” info blocking it
Proactive Interference
When you can’t remember “old” info because of “new” info blocking it
Retroactive Interference
What are the 2 types of Interference theory?
Proactive and RetroActive interference
When you can’t remember where/when/who you got the info from
Source Amnesia
_____occurs when misleading info has distorted one’s memory of an event
misinformation effect
the idea that every time you think of something from the past you CHANGE it “slightly”
Reconsolidation
____ is the tendency to recall the first & last but not the middle
Serial Position Effect
