unit 9

Question 1

social psych

Answer 1

how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Question 2

attribution theory

Answer 2

people try to understand events by attributing intentions to it

Question 3

fundamental attribution error

Answer 3

overestimating influence of personality and underestimating the influence of situations when analyzing others

Question 4

attitude

Answer 4

feelings often influenced by our beliefs

Question 5

peripheral route persuasion

Answer 5

uses attention-getting cues (ex: speaker attractiveness) to trigger emotion-based snap judgments

Question 6

central route persuasion

Answer 6

offers evidence and arguments that trigger careful thinking

Question 7

foot in the door phenomenon

Answer 7

tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Question 8

role

Answer 8

set of expectations about a social position, defines how those in the position should behave

Question 9

cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 9

theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.

• we often bring our attitudes into line with our actions

Question 10

norms

Answer 10

rules for expected and acceptable behavior

Question 11

conformity

Answer 11

adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

Question 12

normative social influence

Answer 12

influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Question 13

social facilitation

Answer 13

improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

Question 14

social loafing

Answer 14

tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when working together than when individually accountable

Question 15

deindividuation

Answer 15

loss of self awareness and self restraint in group situations with anonymity (ex: protests –> riots)

Question 16

group polarization

Answer 16

groups tend to make decisions that are more extreme compared to the original thoughts of individual group members

Question 17

groupthink

Answer 17

mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Question 18

prejudice

Answer 18

unjustifiable negative attitude toward a group and its members

Question 19

stereotype

Answer 19

generalized beliefs about a group of people

Question 20

discrimination

Answer 20

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

Question 21

just world phenomenon

Answer 21

tendency for people to believe the world is just, there people get what they deserve

Question 22

ingroup

Answer 22

people who we share a common identity with

Question 23

outgroup

Answer 23

those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

Question 24

ingroup bias

Answer 24

tendency to favor our own group

Question 25

scapegoat theory

Answer 25

theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Question 26

other race effect

Answer 26

tendency to recall faces of ones own race more accurately than faces of other races

Question 27

frustration aggression principle

Answer 27

principle that frustration creates anger, which can spark aggression

Question 28

social script

Answer 28

culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

Question 29

mere exposure effect

Answer 29

phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

Question 30

passionate love

Answer 30

intense positive absorption in another, "honeymoon phase"

Question 31

companionate love

Answer 31

deep, affectionate attachment

Question 32

equity

Answer 32

condition where people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

Question 33

self disclosure

Answer 33

revealing intimate details about ourselves to others

Question 34

altruism

Answer 34

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Question 35

bystander effect

Answer 35

tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Question 36

social exchange theory

Answer 36

theory that our social behavior is an exchange process; aim is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

Question 37

reciprocity norm

Answer 37

expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

Question 38

social responsibility norm

Answer 38

expectation that people will help those needing their help

Question 39

conflict

Answer 39

perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

Question 40

social trap

Answer 40

situation in which conflicting parties become caught in mutually destructive behavior by pursuing their self interest rather than the good of the group

Question 41

mirror image perceptions

Answer 41

mutual views often held by conflicting people (ex: each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful, but the opposite side sees them as evil and aggressive)

Question 42

self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 42

beliefs that leads to its own fulfillment

Question 43

superordinate goals

Answer 43

shared goals that can only be achieved through cooperation

Question 44

GRIT

Answer 44

strategy designed to decrease international tensions

Question 45

informational social influence

Answer 45

influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality