unit 7 part 1 (52-59) Flashcards
motivation
need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
instinct
innate impulse
physiological need
basic bodily requirement
drive reduction theory
idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
homeostasis
tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state
incentive
positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
yerkes dodson law
moderate arousal leads to optimal performance
hierarchy of needs
abraham maslow. hierarchy of human needs
glucose
form of sugar that circulates blood, provides major energy source for body. low level = hunger
set point
point where your weight is set. when below this, increased hunger + lower metabolism combine to restore lost weight
basal metabolic rate
body’s resting rate of energy output
obesity
excess body fat, resulting is higher weight
asexual
having no sexual attraction towards others
testosterone
main male sex hormone
estrogens
main female sex hormone
sexual response cycle
excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
refractory period
resting period after orgasm where you cant have another
affiliation need
need to build relationships and to feel part of a group
ostracism
social exclusion
narcissism
excessive self-love and self-absorption
achivement motivation
desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, and for attaining a high standard
grit
passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long term goals
emotion
mix of bodily arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience
james lange theory
arousal before emotion (ex: racing heart, then shaking, then emotion)
cannon bard theory
arousal and emotion at same time (ex: heart pounding as you feel fear)
two factor / schachter singer theory
arousal + cognitive label = emotion (ex:
polygraph
measure emotion-linked automatic arousal (heart rate, perspiration)
facial feedback effect
tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness
stress
process which we perceive and respond to certain events (stressors) that we appraise as threatening or challenging
- catastophe, life changes, social stress, daily hassles
general adaptation syndrome
selye’s concept of bodies adaptive response to stress in 3 stages- alarm, resistance, exhaustion
tend and befriend response
under stress, ppl (esp women) often provide support to others and bond with and seek support from others
health psychology
subfield of psych, provides psychologys contribution to behavioral medicine
psychoneuroimmunology
study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health
coronary heart disease
US leading cause of death. clogging of vessels that nourish the heart muscle
type a personality
competitive, hard driving, impatient, aggressive, anger prone
type b personality
easygoing, relaxed
catharsis
idea that releasing aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges
aerobic exercise
sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness. also helps alleviate depression and anxiety
mindfulness meditation
reflective practice where people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner
feed good do good phenomenon
peoples tendency to be helpful when in a good mood
positive psychology
scientific study of human flourishing. goal of discovering + promoting strengths and virtues
subjective well being
self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life, used along w/ measures of objective well being
adaptation level phenomenon
tendency to form judgments relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
relative deprivation
perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom compares oneself
physiological needs (tier 1)
needs to satisfy hunger and thirst
safety needs (tier 2)
need to feel that the world is organized and predictable; safe
love and belonging (tier 3)
need to love and be love. to belong and be accepted. to avoid loneliness and seperationn
esteem (tier 4)
need for self-esteem, achievement, competence, independence. need for recognition and respect from others
self actualization (tier 5)
need to live up to our fullest and unique potential
self transcendence
need to find meaning and identity beyond the self
ghrelin
hormone that is produced and released mainly by the stomach with small amounts also released by the small intestine, pancreas and brain
