unit 7 part 2 (61-64) Flashcards
personality
individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
psychodynamic theories
theories that view personality with a focus on the unconscious and emphasizes childhood experiences
psychoanalysis
freud theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts
unconscious
reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories
free association
method of exploring unconscious where person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind
id
pleasure principle. demands immediate gratification
ego
reality principle. mix of id and superego, makes realistic desires.
superego
moral compass, standards for judgement and future aspirations
psychosexual stages
childhood stages of development, id’s pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones
oedipus complex
boys sexual desires for mother, hatred and jealously for ‘rival’ father
(fem: electra complex)
identification
process which children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos
fixation
lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage where conflicts were unresolved
defense mechanisms
egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
repression
basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
collective unconscious
carl jung, concept of a shared inherited reservoir of memory traces for our species’ history
projective test
personality test that provides ambiguous images designed to trigger projection of ones inner dynamics
ex: Rorschach
thematic apperception test (TAT)
projective test in which ppl express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
rorscach inkblot test
projective test, 10 inkblots. seeks to identify peoples inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots.
terror-management theory
death related anxiety theory; explores response to reminder of impending death
humanistic theories
theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth
self actualization
ultimate psychological seed, motivation to fulfill ones potential
self transcendence
striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self
unconditional positive regard
nonjudgmental attitude, carl rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance
self-concept
idea of the self constructed from the beliefs one holds about oneself and the responses of others.
trait
characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways
personality inventory
questionnaire where people respond to items intended to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors
minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)
originally developed to identify emotional disorders. contains questions meant to tell if taker is lying.
empirically derived test
test like mmpi created by selecting from a pool of items that discriminate between groupd
social cognitive perspective
bandura, views behavior as influenced by the interaction between peoples traits and their social context
behavioral approach
focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development
reciprocal determinism
interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and enviornment
spotlight effect
overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders
self esteem
feelings of high or low self worth
self efficacy
sense of competence and effectiveness
self serving bias
readiness to perceive oneself favorably
narcissism
excessive self love
individualism
giving priority to ones own goals over group goals and defining ones identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identification
oral stage
- 0-18 months
- zone: mouth
- sucking, biting chewing
anal stage
- 18-36 months
- anus
- potty training
phallic stage
- 3-6 years
- genitals
- focus on incestuous feelings (oedipus, electra complexes)
latent stage
- 6 to puberty
- dormant sexual feelings
genital stage
- puberty on
- maturation of sexual interests
regression
retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage
reaction formation
switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites
projection
disguising ones own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
rationalization
offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons
displacement
shifting impulses toward a more acceptable / less threatening person or object
sublimation
transferring of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motives
denial
refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities
collectivism
worldview where social behavior is guided largely by goals that are shared by a collective
