Unit 9 Flashcards
Degree
degree to which a person is suffering (impact on life)
Intern Syndrome
beware of self-diagnosis
Abnormal
not typical
thought, emotion, behaviour that is abnormal, atypical, or rare
deviant (acting against)
DSM
classifies and contains descriptors, symptoms, criteria for diagnosing mental disorder
Insane vs Sane
We dont use it but the legal system uses it
Rosenhan Study
- Can doctors tell people are faking - they could not determine if people were faking it
- Pretended to hear voices, after being admitted they stopped pretending
Medical
Chemical imbalance in the brain or DST
DST
(Diathesis stress theory)
mental disorders developed from a genetic or biological and that illness combined with stressful condition play a role
Behavioural
learned/reinforcement
Cognitive
irrational thinking
Psychoanalytic
unconscious
Sociocultural
enviormental
Somatic Symptom + Related Disorder
physical symptoms occur without any organic causes
- Illness Anxiety Disorder
- Conversion Disorder
Illness Anxiety Disorder
-Somatic symptoms
you think you have or might get a serious illness
Symptoms of Illness Anxiety Disorder
- high levels of anxiety about health, + easily alarmed by personal health status
ex: repeated body checks, avoiding doctor appointment
Causes of Illness Anxiety Disorder
- Believed to be Behavioural because reinforcement, reward being lessen anxiety
Conversion Disorder
-Somatic symptoms
you actually have it
- psychological disorders turn into physical disorders
Aphobia
inability to speak
Symptoms of Conversion Disorder
- symptoms affect voluntary movements + sensory function
Causes of somatic symptoms + related disorders
Psychological - Unconscious conflict
Behavioural - learned
OCD
An Obsession and Compulsion
Obsessions
thoughts/impulses that constantly occur
Compulsion
behaviour/action attempting to neutralise the obsessions
OCD symptoms
-obsessions
-compulsive behaviours
-takes time away + gets in the way
OCD Causes
Brain: problems in communication between front brain + deeper structure
Genetics: genes plays a role
Hoarding
Hoarding use to be considered an OCD subcategory
Hoarding symptoms
-Difficulty (Uncomfortable)
letting things go
-excessive amount of new items
PTSD symptoms
-intrusive memories
-avoiding talking about the event
-negative mood changes
-changes in physical/emotional reaction
ex: being physically frightened
PTSD Causes
developed when someone is exposed to a traumatic event whether witnessing/experimenting
ex: threats of death
Dissociative Disorder
viewing parts of your activity as separate from your own
you dont remember it
Dissociative Amnesia
-Dissociative Disorder
inability to remember important info, usually of a traumatic or stressful, inconsistent with forgetting
Dissociative Fugue
-Dissociative Disorder
state of purposeful travel or bewildered wandering
ex: you’re in a different country but dont remember going
Dissociative Identity Disorder
-Dissociative Disorder
develops 2 or more personalities
Treatment - Integration (accepting all personality)
Dissociative Identity Disorder Causes
abuse in childhood (psychoanalytic)
Depressive/Mood Disorder
Major Depressive Episode + Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Depression
Major Depressive Episode + Disorder
- Depressive/Mood Disorder
- Seasonal Affective Disorder
Depressive/Mood Disorder
- Lost of interest in things they once loved
- Weight/sleep issues
- Delusional guilt: guilt about something that’s not their fault
- Physically painful - cant get out of bed
- Chemical imbalance
Seasonal Affective Disorder
- Depression in the winters
- Therapy: light therapy
Depression Causes
- lack of serotonin
- psychoanalytic
- medical
- cognitive
- behaviourism
Bipolar + Related Disorder
characterised by periods of excitement (mania) + depression
- people like the mania + depression lasts long + no set time
Medicine (treatment)
Lithium - mood stabiliser - effective
Manic Episode symptoms
- Euphoric optimism, very delusional, hyperactive, sexually agressive, little to no sleep, shopping spree
Manic Episode Causes
Medical
Schizophrenia Spectrum + other psychotic disorders
Hallucination
Delusion
Positive Symptoms
Negative Symptoms
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
(add something + doesn’t mean good)
disorganised speech/thinking, withdrawn from reality, grossly disorganised, catatonic behaviour (unmoving state no matter how awkward)
Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
diminished emotional expression
Types of Schizophrenia
Paranoid:
- Delusions of grandeur
- Delusions of persecution
- Delusions of reference
- Catatonic
Delusions of grandeur
greatness
ex: thinking you’re the queen of england
Delusions of persecution
out to get you
ex: someone is out to get you
Delusions of reference
neutral event has special meaning
ex: believe that certain news bulletins have a direct reference to them
Catatonic
unmoving emotion expression no matter how awkward
Schizophrenia Causes
- dopamine excessive amount
- runs in the family
- flu virus exposure when pregnant increase risk of the child
Double Bind
young child has mixed messages
ex: hugging a kid and then hitting them
Eating Disorder
- Anorexia Nervoua
- Bulimia Nervosa
- Binge Eating
Anorexia Nervosa
- restricts food intake
- intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat
- disturbance in the way which ones body weight/shape is experience
Bulimia
- Binge eating and purging cycles
- eating alot more than what most people would eat
- lack of control overeating during episode
- trying to prevent weight gain
Binge Eating
- Binge eating more than what most would eat
- lack of control over eating during episode
Binge Eating symptoms
- eating rapidly
- eating uncomfortably full
- eating alone because of embarrassment
- feeling disgusting afterwards
Causes for Eating Disorder
- unknown but medical - genes: brain chemicals
- others: low self-esteem
- sociocultural: social media
- cognitive: thinking
Anxiety Disorders
- Generalised Anxiety
- Phobia
- Panic Disorder
Generalised Anxiety
- produces fear, worry, overwhelming feeling
- excessive worrying (multi-focal), non-specific
physical + psychological symptoms
Generalised Anxiety requirements for diagnosis
- easily fatigued
- sleep disturbance/restlessness
- excessive worrying/difficulty controlling it
- muscle tension
- difficulty concentrating
-irritability
Phobia
- Specific phobia
- Agoraphobia
- Social Anxiety
Specific Phobia
- fear of something that poses little to no danger
- thinking about it brings severe anxiety
Agoraphobia
- fear of a place/situation where escape is difficult
Agoraphobia symptoms
avoidance of being alone/outside ex: travelling, crowds, cars, planes
Social Anxiety
fear of social situations where one is exposed to possible scrutiny by others
ex: preforming, social interactions
Panic Disorder
- reoccurring + unexpected panic attack
Panic Disorder symptoms
- sweating
- nausea
- increased heart rate
- dizziness/numbness
- having an attack without warning (big one)
- fear of losing control/dying
Neurocognitive Disorder
- due to alzheimer (clear decline in memory + cognition)
- brain deteriorates (dementia)
Neurodevelopement Disorder
Autism
Autism
- restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour
- genetic component
Autism symptoms
- persistent deficits in social communication + social interaction
ex: echoic speech, sensory issues
Personality Disorders
dont see themselves as having an issue; function well
Schizoid
- pattern of detachment
- restricted range of emotional expressions
Paranoid
- pattern of distrust
- suspicious of others motives
Narcissistic
- pattern of grandiosity
- need for admiration
- lack of empathy
Histrionic
- pattern of excessive display of emotions
- attention seeking
- acting in a very emotional and dramatic way that draws attention to themselves.
Dependent
- pattern of submissive
- clingy behaviour
- related to an excessive need to be taken care of
Borderline
- pattern of instability in relationship, self image, abandonment, impulsivity
ex: reckless driving, binge eating
Anti-social/sociopath
- pattern of disregard for + violation of the rights of others and society
