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AP Psych > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Psychology?

A

A study in behavior

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2
Q

Phrenology

A

Personality = humps/ ident on head

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3
Q

Father of Psych?

A

Wilhelm Wunelt

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4
Q

Structuralism

A

the parts of the consciences

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5
Q

Gestalt

A

Whole consciousness (includes the study for perception, learning and problem solving)
Tendency to see patterns/Emphasis is organization/looking for things as a whole

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6
Q

Sir Francis Galton

A

Nature Vs Nuture

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7
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

advocated for mental hospitals

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8
Q

Psychoanalytic/Psychoclynamic

A

unconscious mind/free association
Freud

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9
Q

Functionalism

A

looks to understand mental and behavior that has been modified over the years

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10
Q

Behaviorism

A

learned behavior
by JB Watson
reinforcement + punishment

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11
Q

Humanism

A

free will/ humans are naturally good

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12
Q

Sociocultural

A

Environmental/ study’s impact of the persons race, gender, social norms, etc

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13
Q

Evolutionary Approach

A

Natural selection

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14
Q

Biological Approach

A

Brain chemistry/genetics/hereditary

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15
Q

Cognitive

A

Thinking/thoughts

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16
Q

Psychologist

A

NO MED SCHOOL

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17
Q

Psychiatrist

A

MEDICAL DOCTOR
can prescribe

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18
Q

Variables

A

observable + measurable
how you define and measure a specific variable as it is used in a study

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19
Q

Independent Variable

A

Manipulated or controlled

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20
Q

Dependent

A

The outcome

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21
Q

Confounding Variable

A

something that effects the dependent variable but shouldn’t

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22
Q

Demand Characteristics

A

Experimenter gives off clues

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23
Q

Counterbalancing

A

eliminating the confounding variables effects by present the variables in different order

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24
Q

Population

A

a total from which sample may be drawn

25
Q

Sample

A

selected group of people from the population (random and represented)
(equal chance of participation)

26
Q

Experimental Group

A

Gets the independent variable

27
Q

Control

A

doesn’t get the independent variable

28
Q

Stratified Sample

A

population is divided into different sub categories and a random sample is taken from each

29
Q

Sampling Bias

A

a group in the same does not represent the population (tried to be avoided)

30
Q

Random Assignment

A

A way to control
using random assignment this would eliminate confounding variables

31
Q

Between subject

A

Totally different groups/people

32
Q

Within subject

A

uses participant as his/her control
(does both experiments + under all the conditions)

33
Q

Experiment

A

observations in a control conditions to study a relationship between and independent and dependent variable
Can give insight to cause and effect

34
Q

How to avoid experimental bias

A

Double blind!

35
Q

Single Blind

A

Subject does not know whether they are experimental or control group

36
Q

Double Blind?

A

subject and experimenter does not know the grouping (only solution to avoiding experimental bias)

37
Q

Hindsight Bias

A

Idea ppl say they knew all along

38
Q

Case Study

A

Technique gathers info
Con - Can be biased

39
Q

Correlational Study

A

Goal - technique to detect naturally occuring relationships

extra: not cause and effect but about relationship between variables + relies on stats and used expost fact

40
Q

Ex post facto

A

research that examines past occurrences in order to understand a current state
ex - talking to abused children to get info about abuse since you don’t wanna experiment that

41
Q

Hawthorn effect

A

Subject adjusts their behavior when they know they being watched

42
Q

Correlation

A

shows how closely related 2 sets of scored are to each other

43
Q

How do you know the strength of the correlation

A

strong weak no correlation
<————————————————->
-1.0 0 +1.0
less than -1 = strong correlation
0 = weak correlation
mor than 1 = no correlation

44
Q

What’s the difference between negative and positive correlation

A

Negative - One variable increases and another decreases
(opposite directions)

Positive - 2 variables are related and move in the same direction

45
Q

Measures of Centeral Tendency

A

Mean : Average (add everything then divide by the # of things present)

Median : Middle #

Mode : Occurs the most

Range : measure of variation

46
Q

Variability

A

How data spreads on the graph

47
Q

Range

A

distance between highest score + lowest score

48
Q

Standard Deviation

A

how far are the scores from the mean

49
Q

Outliers

A

negative skew - down and then up tail
positive skew - up and then down tail

50
Q

Statistical Significance

A

5% chance or less that result would occur by chance

51
Q

Interrated Reliablity

A

Comparison of studies by other evaluator

52
Q

Pros and Cons of select a human subject

A

Pros : people can communicate, you can see the effect
Cons: not representative of the whole population

53
Q

Pros and Cons of choosing an animal subject

A

Pros : generations are easier to observe because they’re faster, control of the environment
Cons : giving animals human traits

54
Q

What are the APA ethical guidelines

A

Informed Consent - informing the subject
Right to say no + withdraw - can’t force the subject to do things
Examine the risk - free of harm (emotionally, psychologically pain counts as harm too)

55
Q

Psychologist VS Psychiatrist

A

Psychologist - No med school
Psychiatrist- Med school

56
Q

What does experimental do

A

Explores cause an effect relationships
Variables are manipulated and used random assignment (extra : what is random assignment)
Eliminates confounding variables

57
Q

Courtesy Bias

A

giving peoples the response they think is wanted to be heard

58
Q

Survey

A

Series of true and false questions to get info quickly

59
Q

Introspection

A

Examine your own thoughts

AP Psych (10 decks)

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