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AP Psych > Unit 8 > Flashcards

Unit 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality

A

sum total of a persons relative consistent organized and unique thoughts/reactions to the environment
ex: mrs.cramer is not always quiet but only in some environments

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2
Q

Influences on Personality

A

Environment: school, friends, birth order
Genetics

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3
Q

Barnum effects

A

tendency of individuals to accept vague personality descriptions as accurate
ex: astrology, palm reading, tarot cards

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4
Q

Personality across the life span

A

individual personality traits tend to become stable around middle adulthood

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5
Q

Psychoanalytic theory

A

unconscious mind

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6
Q

3 energies of the mind

A

Sigmund Freud
3 energies of the mind (not parts)
ID, Superego, and EGO

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7
Q

ID (not aware)

A

Unconscious
Pleasure principal
“I want”
Immediate gratification + desires
sex + aggression

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8
Q

Superego

A

Preconscious
Morality principal
consciences - source of guilt
striving for perfection

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9
Q

EGO

A

Conscious
Reality Principal
Has to make a decision
Balance ID and Superego

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10
Q

Defense Mechanism

A

Way of meditating between ID and Superego
Egos way of defending
Stems form the unconscious level

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11
Q

Denial

A

refusing to accept he obvious situation because of the emotional pain it causes
ex: saying something didn’t happen

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12
Q

Displacement

A

taking out one’s emotions on a person or object that’s not the cause of offense
ex: being mad at a parent but taking it out on your siblings

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13
Q

Projection

A

casting the feelings you have to another person
ex: saying someone else is feeling jealous when you’re feeling jealous

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14
Q

Rationalization

A

making logical excuses for illogical behavior

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15
Q

Reaction Formation

A

acting the opposite of the way you feel

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16
Q

Regression

A

reverting to childlike behavior to get the attention you got when you were younger or to get your way
ex: sucking your thumb when you’re stressed

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17
Q

Repression

A

unconsciously forgetting information that’s too painful
- you don’t remember
- trauma

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18
Q

Sublimation

A

using exercises or physical activity as a substitute for sexual energy

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19
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A
  • Way of meditating between the id and the superego
  • Egos way of defending itself
  • Stems from the unconscious level
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20
Q

Psychosexual Development

A

redirecting sexual energy

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21
Q

Libido

A

sexual energy

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22
Q

Oral

A

Infants pleasure seeking comes from the mouth

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23
Q

Anal

A

Pleasure seeking is in the anus
ex: potty training

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24
Q

Phallic

A

Genitals

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25
Q

Oedipal

A

little boys sexual desire for their mom

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26
Q

Electra

A

little girls sexual desire for their dads

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27
Q

Fear of Castration

A

little boys scared of being castrated

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28
Q

Penis Envy

A

little girls realize they lack a penis, they feel “castrated” in comparison to males.

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29
Q

Latency

A

Sublimation (a defense mechanism)

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30
Q

Genitals

A

Puberty

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31
Q

Fixation

A

unresolved conflict that may occur if you’re left at a certain stage

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32
Q

Freudian Slip

A

When you say something you didn’t mean
ex: Ross saying Rachel instead of Emily at the alter

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33
Q

Neo-Freudian

A

took Freud ideas and expanded them

  • Carl Jung
  • Alfred Adler
  • Karen Horney
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34
Q

Carl Jung

A

Personal/Collective Unconscious

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35
Q

Personal Unconscious

A

painful memories and thoughts a person doesn’t want to confront; your own personal memories
-Carl Jung

36
Q

Collective Unconscious

A
  • passed down through a species, inherited universal
    concepts that we all share as humans
  • These concepts are called archetypes
  • Carl Jung
37
Q

Archetypes

A
  • Shadow
  • Anima/animus
  • Persona
  • Carl Jung
38
Q

Shadow

A

repressed desires and drives; your “dark” side
- Carl Jung

39
Q

Anima/Animus

A

feminine side of men; masculine side of women
- Carl Jung

40
Q

Persona

A

face you present to the world
- Carl Jung

41
Q

Alfred Adler

A

individual psychology
inferiority and superiority complex

42
Q

Individual Psychology

A
  • focuses on our drive to compensate for feelings of inferiority
  • Alfred Adler
43
Q

Inferiority Complex

A

chronic feelings of inadequacy and insecurity, and the desire to achieve

44
Q

Superiority Complex

A

people mask their fears of being inferior by acting superior

45
Q

Karen Horney

A

the influence of the parent child relationship

46
Q

Coping mechanism

A

moving (against/toward/away) from people
Karen Horney

47
Q

Trait Theory

A

enduring and stable characteristics that provoke a person to act consistently
ex: honesty, anxiety, shyness

48
Q

Gordon Allport

A

common trait
special traits
disposition - cardinal/central/secondary

49
Q

Common trait

A
  • universal, cultural, learned
  • Gordon Allport
50
Q

Special traits

A
  • individual, unique to you
  • Gordon Allport
51
Q

Disposition

A

collective way a person thinks - behavior

52
Q

Cardinal disposition

A

1-2 traits that’s effect everything about you
ex: mother teresa - she was giving
Gordon Allport

53
Q

Central disposition

A

5-10 tendencies of a person
Gordon Allport

54
Q

Secondary Disposition

A

likes + dislikes
ex: your favorite food

55
Q

Eysenck

A

(personality traits)
Introversion - Introvert - Internal
Extroversion - Extrovert - External

56
Q

Minnesota Twin Study

A

3 inherited traits:
- how well they get along (others)
- how traditional they are (religious)
- how comfortable you are (anxiety level)

57
Q

Big 5 personality factors

A

Costa + McRae (NEO PI-3)
- Openess to experience
- Consciousness (Responsibility)
- Extraversion/Extroversion
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism (stability)

58
Q

Openness to experiences (low vs high)

A

low: routines
high: curious

59
Q

Consciousness/Responsibility
(low vs high)

A

low: disorganised
high: dependable

60
Q

Extroversion
(low vs high)

A

low: introvert
high: extrovert

60
Q

Neuroticism/Stability
(low vs high)

A

low: calm, even tempered
high: anxious

61
Q

Agreeableness
(low vs high)

A

low: uncooperative
high: helpful, trusting

62
Q

Big Five

A
  • shown to apply to people in many countries
  • most personality trait is can be derived from the 5 major traits
    -represents a continuum
63
Q

Behaviorism

A

Learning/Operant Conditioning
- Skinner
- Bandura

64
Q

Skinner

A

Behaviorism
cause/effect
only observable/measurable behavior
reinforcement

65
Q

Bandura

A

Behaviorism
Social Learning Theory
Modeling: Bobo dolls - social model

66
Q

Big 5 was developed by

A

Empirical favors analysis of trait descriptors (data + measurable)

67
Q

Humanism

A

Free will
Maslow
Carl Rogers

68
Q

Maslow

A

hierarchy of needs

69
Q

Carl Rogers

A
  • people can be self-actualized w growth climate (positive psychology)
  • Phenomenological fields
  • people act on self (self-concept)
70
Q

Positive psychology

A

genuineness, empathy, acceptance
Carl Rogers

71
Q

Phenomenological fields

A

all conscious + unconscious experience
Carl Rogers

72
Q

Regards

A

positive - approval
unconditional positive regard - acceptance
conditions of worth - acceptance if…
Carl Rogers

73
Q

Ideal Self vs Real Self

A

Carl Rogers
- Ideal self: wish to be
- Real self: the truth of who you are (organism)

74
Q

Congruence

A
  • Carl Rogers
  • difference between reality and self ex: anorexia - don’t see their real self
75
Q

Social Cognitive

A
  • Bandura (social learning theory)
  • included cognitive process
76
Q

Self efficacy

A

beliefs people have about the effectiveness of their behavior
ex: my studying is effective

77
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

mutual influence of external stimuli + cognitive process regulating behavior
- 3 factors included (personal, environmental, behavior)

78
Q

3 factors of influence

A

-Personal: attitude; values, personality
ex: child doesn’t like school
-Environmental: actions of others
ex: teacher doesn’t like student
-Behavior itself
ex: child acting out during school

79
Q

Julia Rotter

A

Expectancy Theory
- We learn what to expect in different situations
- Our behavior is governed by those expectations
- Your beliefs in your abilities

80
Q

Psychoanalysis evaluation

A

hard to test
low reliability
no science

81
Q

Neo-Freudian evaluation

A

not based off sound science

82
Q

Trait Evaluations

A

It’s not consistent
situational
does it stay consider over time and across situations

83
Q

Behaviorist Evaluations

A

doesn’t deal with people emotions
just science (humans are not puppets)

84
Q

Humanist Evaluation

A

naive and optimistic

AP Psych (10 decks)

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