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AP Psych > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Neurons

A

responsible for receiving, processing and transmitting info throughout the body — billions of nurture

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2
Q

Dendrites

A

receive messages and are at the very end of the neurons

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3
Q

Receptor Sites

A

On the dendrites and receive neuro transmitters

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4
Q

Axon

A

where the message moves along/being send along
is located in the middle

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5
Q

Myelin sheath

A

covering around the Axon
how fast the message can be sent
thicker the myelin sheath = faster the msg is moving

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6
Q

Glial cells

A

No action potential but still is a nerve cell
make up the myelin and provide nutrients and support

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7
Q

Node of Rarwier

A

located in gaps between the myelin covering the Axon
action potential travels down and lets the message travel from foster and skips spaces

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8
Q

Terminal button

A

constrains synaptic vesicle (holds the neuro transmitter)

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9
Q

Synaps

A

space between the neuron transmitter where they cross over

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10
Q

Neuro transmitter

A

chemically electrical substance

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11
Q

Resting potential

A

cells at rest
polarization (neurons normal state and negatively charged inside compared to the outside)

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12
Q

Action potential

A

Brief electrical charge going down the Axon
depolarization (becomes less negative and is ready to send messages)
opens up and ions come rushing in

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13
Q

Refractory period

A

Cells must reset
depolarization
ex: flushing a toilet

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14
Q

A pump in the cell membrane

A

put the sodium ions back out of the cells —> action potential continues down

— FIRST SECTION HAS RECHARGED —

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15
Q

Reuptake

A

sending neuron reabsorbs some neuron transmitter

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16
Q

Reuptake Inhibitor

A

medication that prevents the reuptake of the neurons

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17
Q

Acetylcholine

A

learning, thought and memory
( alzheimer’s and body movement )

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18
Q

Glutamate

A

memory and learning
developed + creates nerve contatcs
Key role in LTP
association w too much

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19
Q

Dopamine

A

feeling of pleasure + reward
voluntarily movement, learning
cognition, attention
( schizophrenia - too much dopamine )

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20
Q

Serotonin

A

contribute to well-being and happiness
mood, appetite, sleep, impulse, control, depression — not enough serotonin

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21
Q

GABA

A

calms nerves and contributes to motor control and vision
relaxation

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22
Q

Endorphins

A

euphoria and reduces pain
natural opiate

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23
Q

Epinephrine

A

AKA adrenaline
produces during stressful situations
fight, flight, or freeze response

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24
Q

Sensory afferent

A

in the PNS
takes sensory info to the brain

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25
Q

Motor efferent neurons

A

in the PNS
make up spinal cord in brain and central nervous system

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26
Q

Agonist

A

drug that mimics the effect of or block the reuptake of neurotransmitters
activate (morphine, heroine, meth)

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27
Q

Antagonist

A

drug that inhabits the release of neurotransmitter

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28
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

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29
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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30
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

blinking, heart beating, etc

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31
Q

Sympathetic Nervous Systtem

A

fight, flight or freeze as a response
- rush of adrenaline, heart racing

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32
Q

Parasympathetic

A

brings you back down to balance like a parachute
- decrease heart rate

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33
Q

Goal of (para)sympathetic

A

is homeostasis
(maintaining internal stability and hole adjusting to changing external conditions)

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34
Q

Somatic

A

voluntarily doing actions
- kicking, speaking

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35
Q

Plasticity

A

about the brain
having the ability to compensate and change b

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36
Q

Neurogenesis

A

about neurons
neurons replenishing

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37
Q

Hindbrain

A

survival functions

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38
Q

Cerebellum

A

posture and balance e

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39
Q

Medulla Obbngata

A

Heart rate
breathing
vomiting
swallowing

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40
Q

Pons

A

Sleep
Arousal
Facial expressions

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41
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Arousal to stimuli
blocks out most during sleep
alerts to interesting + dangerous

42
Q

Broca area

A

spoken language

43
Q

Wernickes area

A

comprehension of language

44
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

large motor skill

45
Q

Thalamus

A

sorts and sends messages

46
Q

Limbic system

A

emotions

47
Q

Amygdala

A

fear and aggression

48
Q

Hippocampus

A

learning + memories
STM to LTM

49
Q

Hypothalamus

A

hunger, thirst, body temp
regulates (digestion)
sexual response

50
Q

Lateral hypothalamus

A

“Let’s eat”

51
Q

Ventromedial hypothalamus

A

“very full”

52
Q

Cerebrum

A

divided into 4 lobes

53
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Visual processing

54
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Auditory

55
Q

Parental Lobe

A

integrates sensory input
(processes your sense of touch and assembles input from your other s new into a form you can use)

56
Q

Sensory strip

A

skin (touch)
muscle senses

57
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

process in the brain that allows us to take info we receive from 5 senses and organize it and respond appropriately
planning, judgement, personality

58
Q

Motor cortex

A

body movement (fine mother skills)

59
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

connects the hemisphere of the brain (left and right)

60
Q

Left hemisphere

A

control the right part of the body

Language
Logic
Concrete
Rational

61
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

controls left part of the body

Visual
Direction
Imaginative
Emotional
Pattern
Facial recognition
Creativity

62
Q

Who does split brain research

A

Sperry + Gazzangia

63
Q

How to do they study split brain research

A

Making dots, saying words, speaking and drawing

64
Q

Blood Brain Barrier

A

A network of blood vessels and tissue that is made up of closely spaced cells
Pro - helps keep harmful substances from reaching the brain
Con - Also means potentially helpful meds cannot enter the brain ex:chemo

65
Q

Who was Phineas Gage

A

a sword when through his frontal lobe and his personality changed

66
Q

Autopsy

A

examining dead peoples brain

67
Q

Structure

A

technique that allows research to study makeup of the brain

68
Q

CATor CT scan

A

an X-ray of the brain + painless

69
Q

MRI/fMRI

A

painless and used to measure brain waves patterns
can be used to detect seizure and/or tumor activity

70
Q

Pet Scan

A

uses radioactive glucose to create images
glucose goes to the areas of the brain that are working

71
Q

ESB/deep brain stimulation

A

electric brain stimulation
used to relieve pain in serve cases
used on patients w parkinson’s or other mental illnesses

72
Q

Endocrine System

A

contains glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream

73
Q

Exocrine System

A

secretes contents onto the surface
of rocks n one

74
Q

Consciousness

A

state of awareness

75
Q

Unconsciousness

A

state of unconsciousness

76
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

based on light/dark cycle (biological clock)
measure sleep in stages and cycle
travel can mess this up

77
Q

REM

A

Rapid eye movement (dreaming it’s stage 4 of sleeping)

78
Q

Paradoxical (paradox)

A

EG resembles activity that resembles wakefulness

79
Q

Protection

A

safety + energy conservation

80
Q

Recovery

A

repairs cells, strengthens immune system

81
Q

Memory consolidation

A

key role in learning especially during REM

82
Q

Growth

A

pituitary releases growth hormones during sleep

83
Q

Restoration Theory

A

Sleep deprivation studies and what they tell us

84
Q

Insomnia

A

trouble falling/staying asleep

85
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

CPAP machine
stop breathing in your sleep
ex: snorning

86
Q

Narcolepsy

A

suddenly + inappropriately falls asleep
generic difference in hypocretin in the brain

87
Q

Somnambulism

A

sleep walking/talking/eating

88
Q

Night Terrors/Incubus Attacks

A

not nightmares (ex: screaming)

89
Q

Freud Theory

A

wish fulfillment, unconscious

90
Q

Latent vs Manifest

A

Latent - hidden meaning
Manifest - actual dream

91
Q

Physiological functions

A

(physical)
brain stimulation may help development + preserve neural development

92
Q

Information processing

A

sort out days event and consolidates memories

93
Q

Activation synthesis Hypothesis

A

REM sleep struggles neural activity that evokes random visual memories which our brain weaves into stories

94
Q

Cognitive Development

A

dream content reflects level of cognitive ability

95
Q

What is the pineal gland

A

secretes melatonin

96
Q

Thyroid gland

A

responsible for metabolic rate
produces the thyroxin hormone

97
Q

Pheromones

A

chemical signal released outside the body

98
Q

The endocrine system

A

secretes hormones into the blood stream

99
Q

Acromegaly

A

over production of the pituitary gland causing abnormal growth

100
Q

Pancreas

A

responsible for maintaining the proper level of sugar

101
Q

Parathyroid

A

controls levels of calcium

102
Q

Adrenal gland

A

makes adrenaline

AP Psych (10 decks)

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