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AP Psych > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

General Principals

A

There is a critical period to learn or master a skill

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2
Q

Imprinting

A

Lorenz
process where certain animals form attachments
(humans dont form attachments as quickly)

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3
Q

Nature vs Nuture

A

Genetic inheritance vs experience influence of our development

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4
Q

Continuous vs Discontinuous

A

Is development continuous process or through stages

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5
Q

Stability vs Change

A

does our early personality trait persists through life or do we become different person as we age

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6
Q

Teratogen

A

an agent that can reach the fetus and cause birth defects

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7
Q

Maturation

A

unfolding of innate biological patterns

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8
Q

Which comes first gross motor skills or fine motor skills

A

gross motor skill before fine motor skills

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9
Q

When do the children experience all emotions

A

2 months

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10
Q

Puberty

A

the ability to reproduce

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11
Q

Primary sex characteristics

A

physically what we need for reproduction ex:gonades

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12
Q

Secondary sex characteristic

A

height, voice change, hair, boobs

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13
Q

Self fulfilling prophecy

A

what a person thinks about themselves (what you think about yourself becomes true

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14
Q

Pruning

A

use it or lose it

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15
Q

Teenage brain

A

frontal lobe is not fully developed

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16
Q

Menopause

A

middle adult hood
women stops getting periods
cannot reproduce

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17
Q

Exercise and physical signs of aging

A

aging slows down when you exercise

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18
Q

Death Deferral Theory

A

put off death till a big milestone
(dying right after 90th birthday)

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19
Q

E.K Ross

A

5 stages of grief

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20
Q

Moro reflex

A

startled reflex

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21
Q

Babinski reflex

A

spreads their toes

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22
Q

Palmer grasp

A

wrapping finger relex

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23
Q

Rooting reflex

A

turning towards their source of food

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24
Q

Plantar reflex

A

curling their toes

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25
Q

APGAR TEST

A

quick physical test given to infants at birth

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26
Q

Syntax

A

ordering of words when making a sentence
every language has their own way of ordering

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27
Q

Grammer

A

rules of a language and how words should be combined to communicate meaning

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28
Q

Semantics

A

understanding the meaning of words and word combinations
ex: give me a minute

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29
Q

Phonemes

A

basic SOUND units of language

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30
Q

Morphemes

A

smallest meaningful units of speech
morphemes = meaning

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31
Q

Prosody

A

the way they said it
provides important info beyond a sentence literal word meaning
ex: “yeah that was a great movie”

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32
Q

Surface meaning

A

what you say

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33
Q

Deep meaning

A

what you mean

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34
Q

Detonation

A

literal meaning

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35
Q

Connotation

A

implied meaning

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36
Q

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

A

Noam Chomsky (biological)
all born w understanding of language

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37
Q

first generation of language

A

little grammatical structure
called pidgin language

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38
Q

second generation

A

has its own grammatical structure
creole language

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39
Q

Critical period

A

childhood = critical period of language development

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40
Q

Overgeneralization/Overregularization

A

using grammar rules without proper use or exception
ex: i goed to the park

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41
Q

Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis

A

people speaking different languages =
different perspectives on life

42
Q

Broca area

A

spoken language

43
Q

Wernicke area

A

comprehension of language

44
Q

Aphasia

A

impairment of language if broca or werincke area is damaged

ex: me w burmese

45
Q

Sensorimotor

A

babies explore the world through their sensory and motor interactions
object permanence
actions cause changes
stranger anxiety

46
Q

Object permanence

A

Sensorimotor
objects continue to exist even if it cannot be seen
milestone

47
Q

Children learning their actions can cause changes

A

Sensorimotor
ex: dropping a spoon

48
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

Sensorimotor
develops around 8 months
fear of strangers

49
Q

Pre-operational

A

symbolic thinking develops
egocentrical
theory of mind
simple classification
animism
artisficalism
Representational thought
Irreversibility

50
Q

Why are toddlers egocentric

A

Pre-Operational
cannot perceive stuff from other peoples POV

51
Q

Theory of mind

A

Pre-Operational
ability to infer intentions in the mental state of others
mostly emotions
ex: realizing they made someone sad

52
Q

Simple classification

A

Pre-operational
colors and shape

53
Q

Animism

A

Simple classification
human characteristics to animate objects

54
Q

Artisficalism

A

Pre-operational
thinks everything is man made/ humans are responsible for everything

55
Q

Representational thoughts

A

Pre-operational
ABC’S

56
Q

Irreversibility

A

a child’s inability to reverse the steps of an action in their mind, returning an object to its previous state

57
Q

Concrete

A

conservation
become more logical and rational thinking
do higher level of classification
reversibility

58
Q

Conservation

A

concrete
changes in shape does not mean changes in quality

59
Q

Formal

A

reason expands from purely concrete to abstract thinking
higher level thinking
solving hypothetical problems and deducing consequences

60
Q

Cognitive development

A

development of an individuals mental ability, patterns of thinking, reasoning and problem solving

61
Q

Schemas

A

mental framework/cognitive structure

62
Q

In order for cognition to grow we must

A

assimilate and accommodate

63
Q

Assimilation

A

new info is adapted to fit current mode of thinking

64
Q

Accommodation

A

changing a schema to fit new info
(try to fit things into what you already know but then change)

65
Q

Zone of Proximal Development

A

range between when a child can work on their own + when they need help form a parent
Vygotsky

66
Q

Social Development

A

learning to act and live in society

67
Q

Temperament

A

emotion and reactivity
how baby reacts to emotionally

68
Q

Strange Situation

A

Mary Ainsworth
Attachment styles (Secure, Insecure)

69
Q

Personal fable

A

no one understands or gets it

70
Q

Imagining Audience

A

belief everyone is focusing on them

71
Q

Identity development

A

kids are trying to develope an identity

72
Q

Identity diffusion

A

they haven’t committed an identity

73
Q

Identity foreclosure

A

doing what you’re told
no crisis

74
Q

Social Clock

A

people have expectation of when they’re doing a certain thing
ex: when you get married

75
Q

Authoritarian

A

My way or the highway
Kids: resist/poor decision makers

76
Q

Permissive

A

There are no consequences for breaking rules
Kids: irresponsible/no self confidence

77
Q

Authoritative

A

Rules but flexible
kids: responsible

78
Q

Moral development

A

an individuals understanding of what is right and wrong
controlling impulses and acting ethically

79
Q

Kohlberg

A

Measures through Moral dilemma

80
Q

Gillian

A

criticized Kohlburg
about gender Kohlburg only studied men

81
Q

Schema

A

mental framework

82
Q

Pre conventional Morality

A

Kids
Stage 1: avoidance of punishment
Stage 2 : Reward seeking, self-benefit

83
Q

Conventional Morality

A

Stage 3: Avoidance of disapproval
Stage 4: Law and order

84
Q

Post conventional Morality

A

Stage 5: Belief in individual rights
Stage 6: Individual principals (i couldn’t live without ___)

85
Q

Cognitive Development was made by

A

Jean Piaget

86
Q

Psychosocial Eight stages of development

A

Eriksons

87
Q

Stages of moral reasons

A

Kohlburg

88
Q

Erikson stage 1

A

Trust vs Mistrust
babies develop trust based off parents fulfilling their needs

89
Q

Erikson stage 2

A

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Tries to do things for themselves
based off parents reaction
children say no

90
Q

Erikson stage 3

A

Initiative vs Guilt
assume more responsibility
ask many questions
still based off parents

91
Q

Erikson stage 4

A

Industry (hard work) vs Inferiority
learning and working hard
teachers play a role

92
Q

Erikson stage 5

A

Identity (who am i) vs role confusion
you learn who you are and aren’t
looks to peer groups and role models

93
Q

Erikson stage 6

A

Intimacy vs Isolation
l tiny to share yourself
about relationships
ability to develop relationships

94
Q

Erikson 7

A

Generatively vs Stagnation
Feel productive + accomplished
responsible for next generation

95
Q

Erikson 8

A

Integrity vs Despair
are you happy with your life looking back
feel pride or regret

96
Q

Vgyoksy

A

ZPD

97
Q

Mary Ainsworth

A

Strange situation

98
Q

Identify Moratorium

A

currently in a crisis
has not made a commitment yet

99
Q

Identity Achievement

A

has gone through the crisis and has made the commitment to the role they have chosen

100
Q

Psychological Identity Development

A

James Marcia

AP Psych (10 decks)

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