Unit 8: The Endocrine System Flashcards
What are the components of the endocrine system?
Glands, hormones, and endocrine tissues in various organs
What are the glands?
Thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pituitary gland
Which organs have endocrine tissues?
The pancreas, testes, ovaries, kidneys and liver
What are the functions of the endocrine system?
It releases and produces hormones to maintain and control a number of functions in the human body
What do hormones control?
growth and development, mobilization of bodily defenses, maintaining chemical balances in the blood, regulation of the metabolism
What is homeostasis?
It is the state of bodily equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body which is regulated by various bodily systems, notably the endocrine system
How do hormones trigger a response in the body?
Hormones are steroidal or amino acid based molecules that are released into and carried in the blood stream, where they bind with specific receptor sites, and initiate specific responses.
Where is the thyroid gland
Located in the neck
What does the thyroid gland produce
Thyroid hormone, which regulates the bodies metabolic rate
Where are the parathyroid glands?
They are located in the neck
What do the parathyroid glands produce?
Parathyroid hormone, which controls bone formation and the excretion of phosphorus and calcium
Where are the adrenal glands?
triangular shaped glands located on top of the kidneys
What do the adrenal glands produce?
Epinephrine which stimulates the lungs blood vessels and
heart
Aldosterone, which regulates salt and water balance
Cortisol which regulates blood sugar levels, blood pressure, muscle strength and acts as an anti inflammatory
Where is the pituitary?
Located at the base of the brain
What does the pituitary gland produce?
antidiuretic hormone, which causes the kidneys to retain water to help control blood pressure
growth hormone, which controls growth and development and protein development
Oxytocin, which causes the uterus to contract and mammary glands to produce milk
Thyroid stimulating hormone, it stimulate the thyroid
Where is the pancreas?
It is located in a cluster of cells called the islets of langerhans
What does the pancreas produce?
Insulin, which lowers blood sugar levels
Glucagon, which raises blood sugar levels
What do the testes produce?
testosterone, which controls the development of male sexual characteristics and reproduction systems
What do the ovaries produce?
Estrogen, which controls the development of female sex characteristics and reproduction systems
Progesterone, which prepares the lining of the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg. also it stimulates the mammary glands
