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Medical Terminology > Unit 8- Neurology, Psychology, Anesthesiology, and Vascular Terminology > Flashcards

Unit 8- Neurology, Psychology, Anesthesiology, and Vascular Terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

neur/o

A

nerve or neuron

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2
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

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3
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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4
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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5
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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6
Q

phleb/o, ven/i, ven/o

A

vein

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7
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

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8
Q

ather/o

A

fatty or porridgelike

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9
Q

blast/o

A

germ or embryonic cell; gives rise to something else

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10
Q

spasm/o

A

involuntary contraction

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11
Q

scler/o

A

hard

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12
Q

lys/o

A

breaking down, destruction

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13
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous, fiber

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14
Q

neurology

A

specialty that studies the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the nervous system

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15
Q

nervous

A

pertaining to nerves

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16
Q

neurosurgeon

A

highly skilled physician specially trained to perform surgery on structures of the nervous system

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17
Q

myoblast

A

embryonic muscle cell

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18
Q

neuroblast

A

embryonic nerve cell

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19
Q

angioblast

A

germ cell from which vessels develop

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20
Q

neurospasm

A

spasm of a nerve

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21
Q

myospasm

A

spasm of a muscle

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22
Q

angiospasm

A

spasm of a vessel

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23
Q

arteriospasm

A

arterial spasm

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24
Q

gastrospasm

A

gastric spasm

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25
Q

gastromalacia

A

softening of the stomach walls

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26
Q

myopathy

A

generalized disease condition of the muscles

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27
Q

angiopathy

A

generalized disease condition of the vessels

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28
Q

neuropathy

A

generalized disease condition of the nerves

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29
Q

angiosclerosis

A

hardening of a vessel

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30
Q

myosclerosis

A

hardening of a muscle tissue

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31
Q

neurologist

A

specialist who studies nervous system disorders

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32
Q

neuritis

A

inflammation of a nerve

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33
Q

myoma

A

muscle tumor

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34
Q

neuroma

A

nerve tumor

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35
Q

angioma

A

vessel tumor

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36
Q

fibroma

A

fibrous tumor

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37
Q

neurolysis

A

destruction of nerve tissue

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38
Q

myolysis

A

destruction of muscle tissue

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39
Q

angiolysis

A

destruction or breaking down of vessels

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40
Q

neuralgia

A

pain along course of a nerve

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41
Q

neuroarthropathy

A

disease of nerves and joints

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42
Q

neuritis

A

inflammation of a nerve

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43
Q

neuroplasty

A

surgical repair of nerves

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44
Q

afferent

A

inflowing, toward a center, to bring to

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45
Q

efferent

A

outflowing, away from a center, to carry away

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46
Q

affect

A

to have influence upon, change mood, thoughts, or actions

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47
Q

effect

A

the result or consequence of an action

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48
Q

affusion

A

pouring upon

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49
Q

effusion

A

escaping of fluid or blood from its normal place

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50
Q

accept

A

include, bring toward

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51
Q

except

A

exclude, keep away

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52
Q

neurotripsy

A

surgical crushing of a nerve

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53
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing (usually by rubbing or grinding)

massaging

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54
Q

tripsis

A

Can be carried to point of crushing or grinding

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55
Q

lithotripsy

A

surgical crushing of stones as in bladder or ureters

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56
Q

ultrasonic lithotripsy

A

fragmenting stones in kidney by therapeutic ultrasound

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57
Q

myeloblast

A

bone marrow germ cell

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58
Q

myelocytic

A

pertaining to myelocytes

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59
Q

myelocele

A

herniation of the spinal cord

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60
Q

-plasia

A

Condition of growth or development

Used to indicate a change in the form of a structure or an abnormal number of cells

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61
Q

dysplasia

A

poor or defective development

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62
Q

hyperplasia

A

overgrowth, too much growth

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63
Q

aplasia

A

lack of development

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64
Q

myelodysplasia

A

defective formation of spinal cord

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65
Q

hypoplasia

A

underdevelopment or not enough cells

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66
Q

chondrodysplasia

A

defective formation of cartilage

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67
Q

osteochondrodysplasia

A

defective formation of bone and cartilage

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68
Q

neuromyelitis

A

inflammation of nerves and spinal cord

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69
Q

psych/o

A

mind

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70
Q

psychology

A

study of the mind, mental processes, and human behavior

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71
Q

psychoanalysis

A

analysis of mental and emotional state for treatment

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72
Q

psychosomatic

A

physical illness caused by mental factor

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73
Q

psychosis

A

severe mental condition marked by loss of contact with reality and having delusions or hallucinations

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74
Q

psychoneurosis/ neurosis

A

emotional and behavioral disorder
manifested by anxiety, phobias, and defense mechanisms
ex: OCD

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75
Q

psychotropic

A

medication that alters mind and emotions

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76
Q

psychomotor

A

mental processes that cause movement

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77
Q

psychoneurosis/ neurosis

A

emotional and behavioral disorder
manifested by anxiety, phobias, and defense mechanisms
ex: OCD, phobias, etc.

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78
Q

psychosexual

A

mental disorder related to sexual function

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79
Q

motor

A

movement

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80
Q

motor neuron

A

neuron that innervates a muscle and causes movement

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81
Q

pharmac/o

A

drugs or medicine

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82
Q

neuropharmacology

A

study of drugs that affect the nervous system

83
Q

psychopharmacology

A

study of drugs that act on mind and emotions

ex: antidepressants, tranquilizers, sedatives, etc.

84
Q

pharmacist

A

licensed to dispense prescription and nonprescription medications from a pharmacy

85
Q

narc/o

A

sleep

86
Q

narcotic

A

drug that produces sleep and pain relief

ex: opium, codeine, morphine

87
Q

narcosis

A

condition induced by narcotics

88
Q

epilepsy

A

seizure disorders

89
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

90
Q

narcolepsy

A

seizure or attacks of sleep

unable to stay awake

91
Q

lipolysis

A

destruction/breakdown of fats

92
Q

cytolysis

A

destruction/breakdown of cells

93
Q

arteri/o

A

arteries

94
Q

arteriosclerosis (AS)

A

hardening of the arteries

95
Q

arteriofibrosis

A

fibrous condition of the arteries

96
Q

arteriomalacia

A

softening of the arteries

97
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening of blood vessels due to fatty deposits

98
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening of blood vessels due to fatty deposits
occurs primarily in medium to large blood vessels
can lead to heart attack or stroke

99
Q

atherectomy, endarterectomy

A

excision of an atheroma

usually carotid artery

100
Q

atherosclerotic coronary artery disease

A

most common cause of angina pectoris

101
Q

angina pectoris

A

not enough oxygen to meet demand of heart muscle

102
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

103
Q

hemangioma

A

benign tumor of blood vessel

104
Q

hemangioblast

A

embryonic blood vessel cell

105
Q

hemarthrosis

A

condition of blood in a joint

106
Q

hematolysis, hemolysis

A

destruction of blood cells

107
Q

hematophobia

A

abnormal fear of blood

108
Q

hematology

A

study of blood

109
Q

hematologist

A

one who specializes in science of blood

110
Q

hemoglobin

A

red protein substance in erythrocytes that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
normal range= 12-14 g/dL of blood for wormen

111
Q

hemoglobin

A

red protein substance in erythrocytes that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
normal range= 12-14 g/dL of blood for wormen

112
Q

hematocrit

A

measures percent of formed elements (blood cells) compared to total volume of blood
(36%-45% is normal)

113
Q

thromb/o

A

blood clot

114
Q

thromboangiitis

A

inflammation of a vessel with formation of a blood clot

115
Q

thrombectomy

A

excision of a clot

116
Q

thrombus

A

clot

plural=thrombi

117
Q

lymph/o

A

lymphatic tissue

118
Q

thrombolymphangitis

A

inflammation of a lymph vessel with formation of a thrombus

119
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein with thrombus formation

120
Q

thrombosis

A

condition of forming a thrombus

121
Q

thrombocyte

A

cell that aids clotting

platelet

122
Q

thromboid

A

resembling a thrombus

123
Q

thrombogenic

A

pertaining to the formation of a thrombus

124
Q

thrombolysis

A

destruction of a thrombus

125
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

lack of cells that aid in clotting

126
Q

occlusion

A

block in a vessel

127
Q

embolus

A

moving thrombus

128
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

if an artery of the heart muscle is occluded and an area of tissue has no blood supply

129
Q

cerebral infarction

A

artery supplying the cerebrum is occluded

could cause CVA stroke

130
Q

phlebosclerosis

A

hardening of veins

131
Q

phlebectomy

A

excision of a vein

132
Q

phlebopexy

A

surgical fixation of a vein

133
Q

-ectasia

A

dilation/dilatation

134
Q

phlebectasia

A

venous dilation

135
Q

arteriectasia

A

arterial dilation

136
Q

angiectasia

A

vessel dilation

137
Q

phleboplasty

A

surgical repair of a vein

138
Q

phlebotomy

A

incision into a vein or venipuncture

139
Q

venipuncture

A

puncture of a vein to obtain a venous blood sample

140
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

141
Q

hysterorrhexis

A

rupture of the uterus

142
Q

cystorrhexis

A

rupture of the bladder

143
Q

enterorrhexis

A

rupture of the small intestine

144
Q

cardiorrhexis

A

rupture of the heart

145
Q

angiorrhexis

A

rupture of a vessel

146
Q

arteriorrhexis

A

rupture of an artery

147
Q

phleborrhexis

A

rupture of a vein

148
Q

angioplasty

A

repair of a vessel

149
Q

angiography

A

process of obtaining an x-ray of a vessel

150
Q

angioscopy

A

process of using a looking device to examine a vessel

151
Q

angiogram

A

image of a vessel

152
Q

phleboplasty

A

repair of a vein

153
Q

phlebography

A

process of obtaining an x-ray of a vein

154
Q

metrorrhexis, hysterorrhexis

A

rupture of tissues of uterus

155
Q

hepatorrhexis

A

rupture of the liver

156
Q

hepatorrhaphy

A

suturing of the liver

157
Q

hepatorrhea

A

excessive discharge of bile from liver

158
Q

cystorrhexis

A

rupture of the bladder

159
Q

cystorrhagia

A

hemorrhage from the bladder

160
Q

cystorrhea

A

discharge from the bladder

161
Q

cystorraphy

A

suturing of the bladder

162
Q

esthesia

A

feeling or sensation

163
Q

esthesiometer

A

instrument used to measure the amount of sensation

164
Q

anesthetist

A

person who administers anesthetic agents

165
Q

anesthesiology

A

science of studying the administration of anesthetics

166
Q

algesia, hyperesthesia

A

oversensitivity to pain

167
Q

algesimeter

A

instrument used to measure pain

168
Q

dysesthesia

A

difficult or painful sensation

169
Q

hypoesthesia

A

below normal ability to feel (touch)

170
Q

paralgesia, paralgia

A

abnormal pain

171
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of lower body

172
Q

para-

A

beside, beyond, near, abnormal

173
Q

paranephritis

A

inflammation near the kidney

174
Q

parahepatitis

A

inflammation near the liver

175
Q

paramedic

A

Works beside a physician assisting in rescue operation

EMT with advanced training

176
Q

parasalpingitis

A

inflammation near the fallopian tubes

177
Q

paraosteoarthropathy

A

disease near a bone and joint

178
Q

paraosteoarthropathy

A

disease near a bone and joint

179
Q

paralysis

A

loss of muscle function and sensation

180
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

sends signals to body to prepare for fight or flight with danger is either near or perceived

181
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

returns body to normal resting state

182
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

waking in the night with difficulty breathing

183
Q

my/o

A

muscle

184
Q

myogram

A

tracing

185
Q

myograph

A

instrument

186
Q

myography

A

process

187
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

condition of the muscles

188
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement

189
Q

rhabd/o

A

rod shaped

190
Q

myofibroma, leiomyoma uteri, fibroid tumor of uterine muscle

A

fibrous muscle tumor

191
Q

rhabdomy/o

A

striated muscle

192
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth muscle

193
Q

myocardi/o

A

cardiac muscle

194
Q

myoid

A

resembling muscle

195
Q

myolipoma

A

muscle tumor containing fatty elements

196
Q

myopathy

A

muscle disease

197
Q

cardiomyopathy or myocardiopathy

A

heart muscle disease

198
Q

rhabdomyoblast

A

abnormal rod-shaped muscle stem cell

199
Q

electromyography (EMG)

A

uses both surface and needle electrodes for recording muscle activity

200
Q

electroneuromyography

A

measures nerve function.

201
Q

bradykinesia

A

slowness of movement

202
Q

kinesialgia

A

pain on movement, movement pain

203
Q

kinesiology

A

study of muscular body movement

Medical Terminology (22 decks)

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