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Medical Terminology > Unit 7- Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Unit 7- Gastroenterology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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2
Q

dent/o, odont/o

A

teeth

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3
Q

gloss/o, lingu/o

A

tongue

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4
Q

cheil/o

A

lips

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5
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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6
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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7
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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8
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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9
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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10
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

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11
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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12
Q

col/o

A

large intestine

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13
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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14
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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15
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

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16
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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17
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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18
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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19
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

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20
Q

stomatoplasty

A

surgical repair of the mouth

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21
Q

stomatalgia

A

pain in the mouth

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22
Q

stomatorrhagia

A

hemorrhage of the mouth

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23
Q

stomatomycosis

A

condition of mouth fungus

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24
Q

stomatopathy

A

disease of the mouth

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25
Q

stomatoscope

A

instrument for examining the mouth

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26
Q

stomatoscopy

A

process of examining with stomatoscope

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27
Q

glossitis

A

inflammation of the tongue

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28
Q

glossectomy

A

excision of the tongue

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29
Q

glossalgia

A

pain in the tongue

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30
Q

glossal

A

pertaining to the tongue

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31
Q

hypoglossal or sublingual

A

under the tongue

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32
Q

hypoglossal vs sublingual

A

hypoglossal- Greek

sublingual- Latin

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33
Q

glossoptosis

A

prolapse of the tongue

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34
Q

glossoscopy

A

examination of the tongue

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35
Q

glossoplegia

A

paralysis of tongue

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36
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lips

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37
Q

cleiloplasty

A

surgical repair of the lips

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38
Q

cheilotomy

A

incision of the lips

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39
Q

cheilosis

A

condition or disorder of the lips

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40
Q

cheilostomatoplasty

A

plastic surgery of the lips and mouth

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41
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

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42
Q

gingivalgia

A

gum pain

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43
Q

gingivectomy

A

excision of gum tissue

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44
Q

gingivoglossitis

A

inflammation of the gums and tongue

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45
Q

linguogingival

A

tongue and gums

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46
Q

mastication

A

process of chewing

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47
Q

ingestion

A

process of swallowing

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48
Q

digestion

A

chemical breakdown of food

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49
Q

absorption

A

movement of nutrients from intestine to the blood

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50
Q

defecation

A

expelling solid waste

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51
Q

feces or stool

A

solid waste material

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52
Q

fecal occult blood

A

Blood in the feces that is difficult to see
Guaiac test can be done to detect in sputum, gastric secretion, or feces
Positive result may indicate infection, ulcers, polyps, tumors that are bleeding

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53
Q

eso-

A

in or toward

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54
Q

phag/o

A

swallow

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55
Q

stenosis

A

condition of narrowing that may occur in a tube or passageway

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56
Q

mitral stenosis

A

narrowing of mitral valve opening in heart

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57
Q

esophagostenosis

A

narrowing of the esophagus

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58
Q

paraesophageal hernia

A

herniation around the esophagus

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59
Q

esophagogastric, gastroesophageal

A

pertaining to the esophagus and stomach

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60
Q

gastrorrhagia

A

stomach hemorrhage

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61
Q

gastritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach
H. pylori is common cause
Transmitted through contamination with gastrointestinal substances such as vomit or feces

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62
Q

gastric, gastral

A

pertaining to the stomach

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63
Q

-ectasia, ectasis

A

stretching or dilation

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64
Q

gastrectasia

A

stretching/dilation of stomach

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65
Q

gastroenteroptosis

A

prolapse of the stomach and small intestine

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66
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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67
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the intestine

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68
Q

gastroenterology

A

internal medicine specialty that studies diseases of the stomach and intestine

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69
Q

dysentery

A

disorder of the intestine characterized by inflammation, pain, and diarrhea

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70
Q

gastroenteric

A

pertaining to the stomach and small intestine

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71
Q

enterorrhagia

A

hemorrhage of the small intestine

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72
Q

hiatal hernia

A

hernia through diaphragm

73
Q

enterocele

A

intestinal hernia

74
Q

enteroclysis

A

washing or irrigation of the small intestine

uses contrast media to better view small intestines on x-ray

75
Q

-clysis

A

washing or irrigation

76
Q

enteroplegia

A

paralysis of small intestine

77
Q

enterectasia

A

dilation of the small intestine

78
Q

enteroptosis

A

prolapse of the small intestine

79
Q

enterocentesis

A

surgical puncture of the small intestine

80
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

81
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

82
Q

appendectomy

A

excision of the appendix

83
Q

appendices

A

plural of appendix

84
Q

colic, colonic

A

pertaining to the colon

85
Q

colocentesis

A

surgical puncture of the colon

86
Q

colopexy

A

surgical fixation of the colon

87
Q

colostomy

A

making a new opening into the colon

88
Q

coloptosis

A

prolapse of the colon

89
Q

diverticula

A

outpouchings or pockets that develop in the colon wall

90
Q

diverticulosis

A

presence of diverticula

91
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of the diverticula caused by food getting trapped in the pockets, putrefying, and irritating the tissues

92
Q

coloclysis

A

irrigation of the colon

93
Q

gastroclysis

A

irrigation of the stomach

94
Q

enteroscope

A

instrument to examine the small intestine

95
Q

sigmoidoscope

A

instrument used to examine the sigmoid colon

96
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

procedure of using a sigmoidoscope

97
Q

rectal

A

pertaining to the rectum

98
Q

rectocele

A

rectal hernia

99
Q

rectoclysis

A

washing or irrigation or the rectum

100
Q

rectoscope

A

instrument for examining the rectum

101
Q

colorectal

A

pertaining to the colon and rectum

102
Q

rectoscopy

A

examining the rectum with a rectoscope

103
Q

rectoplasty

A

plastic surgery of the rectum

104
Q

rectorrhaphy

A

suturing of the rectum

105
Q

rectourethral

A

pertaining to the rectum and urethra

106
Q

rectocystotomy

A

incision of the bladder through the rectum

107
Q

proct/o

A

combining form for anus and rectum

108
Q

proctologist

A

one who specializes in diseases of the anus and rectum

109
Q

proctology

A

study of diseases of the anus and rectum

110
Q

proctoclysis

A

washing or irrigation of anus and rectum

111
Q

proctoplegia

A

paralysis of the anus and rectum

112
Q

proctoscopy

A

examination using proctoscope

113
Q

proctorrhaphy

A

suturing of the rectum and anus

114
Q

proctopexy

A

surgical fixation of the rectum and anus

115
Q

catharsis

A

purification, emotional release from anxiety caused by repressed events

116
Q

cathartics

A

Laxatives

Cause liquification of stool or relaxation of bowel to ease defecation/produce physical relief

117
Q

Constipation

A

to withhold or press together

118
Q

heparin

A

produced by liver to affect blood-clotting mechanism

119
Q

hepatic

A

pertaining to the liver

120
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver

121
Q

hepatoscopy

A

inspection of the liver

122
Q

hepatopathy

A

disease of the liver

123
Q

hepatotomy

A

incision into the liver

124
Q

hepatectomy

A

excision of (part of) the liver

125
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

126
Q

hepatitis B

A

serious condition of liver caused by viral infection

can get vaccine

127
Q

hepatitis A

A

acute infection associated with food or water contaminated by human waste

128
Q

hepatitis C

A

chronic condition usually passed through the blood

129
Q

pancreatic

A

pertaining to the pancreas

130
Q

pancreatolysis

A

destruction of the pancreatic tissue

131
Q

pancreatolith

A

stone or calculus in the pancreas

132
Q

pancreatopathy

A

pancreatic disease

133
Q

pancreatectomy

A

excision of part or all of the pancreas

134
Q

pancreatotomy

A

incision into the pancreas

135
Q

cholecystograph

A

x-ray of the gallbladder

136
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

137
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

138
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

ERCO

Inserting a cannula/tube into common bile or pancreatic duct and introducing contrast media and taking x-ray

139
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

140
Q

lipase

A

breaks down fats into fatty acids

141
Q

amylase

A

starch to glucose (simple sugar)

142
Q

lactase

A

breaks down lactose into glucose (simple sugar)

lactose intolerant lack this enzyme

143
Q

carb/o

A

present of a carbon compound

144
Q

carbohydrate

A

contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

145
Q

obesity

A

overeating and lack of exercise

146
Q

bar/o

A

refers to weight

147
Q

bariatrics

A

medical specialty that treats obesity

148
Q

overeating disorder may increase risk of

A

hypertension and arthritis

149
Q

hepatorrhagia

A

hemorrhage of the liver

150
Q

hepatorrhaphy

A

suture of a wound of the liver

151
Q

hepatocele

A

hernia of the liver

152
Q

hepatodynia

A

pain in the liver

153
Q

hepatolith

A

stone in the liver

154
Q

atresia

A

no perforated/not opened

opening normally found in a structure fails to develop

155
Q

biliary atresia

A

condition in which bile ducts are not open

156
Q

intestinal atresia

A

part of intestine is closed

157
Q

esophageal atresia

A

esophagus closed

158
Q

mitral atresia

A

congenital closure of mitral valve

159
Q

cirrhosis of the liver

A

result of malnutrition, alcoholism, poisoning, or history of hepatitis

160
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

161
Q

splenectomy

A

excision of the spleen

162
Q

splenomegaly

A

enlargement of the spleen

163
Q

splenoptosis

A

prolapse of the spleen

164
Q

splenopexy

A

surgical fixation of the spleen

165
Q

splenopathy

A

disease of the spleen

166
Q

splenorrhaphy

A

suture of the spleen

167
Q

splenorrhagia

A

hemorrhage from the spleen

168
Q

splenalgia

A

pain in the spleen

169
Q

splenic

A

pertaining to the spleen

170
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical connection between tubular structures

171
Q

esophagoduodenostomy

A

anastomosis between esophagus and duodenum after a gastrectomy

172
Q

gastroenterocolostomy

A

anastomosis between stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

173
Q

esophagogastrostomy

A

anastomosis between esophagus and stomach

174
Q

enterocholecystostomy

A

anastomosis between small intestine and gallbladder

175
Q

jejunoileitis

A

inflammation of jejunum and ileum

176
Q

cholecystoduodenostomy

A

new opening between duodenum and gall bladder

177
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

A

examination of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

178
Q

cholangiopancreatography

A

x-ray of biliary and pancreatic ducts

Medical Terminology (22 decks)

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