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Medical Terminology > Unit 5- Pathology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Prefixes dys-, brady-, tachy-, poly-, syn- > Flashcards

Unit 5- Pathology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Prefixes dys-, brady-, tachy-, poly-, syn- Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Pathology

A

Specialty that studies diseases, especially infectious diseases

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2
Q

cocc/i

A 
spherically shaped family of bacteria
means berry, grain, or seed 
singular=coccus
plural=cocci
3 main types of cocci: displo, strepto, and staphylo
pneumococcus=pneumonia
meningococcus=meningitis
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3
Q

diplococcus

A

cocci growing in pairs

gonorrhea

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4
Q

streptococcus

A

cocci growing in twisted chains

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5
Q

staphylococcus

A

cocci growing in clusters
most bacteria that form pus
commonly responsible for acne infections

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6
Q

strept/o

A

twisted chains or strips

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7
Q

staphyl/o

A

growing in bunches/clusters like grapes

also, the uvula

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8
Q

MRSA

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas
Bacterium that causes difficult to treat infection
Most common in elderly and those with poor immune systems

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9
Q

genus and species names

A

Used to identify bacteria and parasites
Italicized, genus capitalized
Abbreviate with genus initial and species name, but not in italics

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10
Q

bacillus

A

rod-shaped bacterium
pl. bacilli
pneumobacillus

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11
Q

diplobacillus

A

rod-shaped double bacillus

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12
Q

streptobacillus

A

rod-shaped bacillus growing in twisted chains

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13
Q

bacteria singular

A

bacterium

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14
Q

bacillus plural

A

bacilli

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15
Q

hemorrhagic colitis

A

Caused by ingesting E. coli
Severe abdominal pain and cramping, diarrhea, watery/bloody stool, low-grade or absent fever, occasional vomiting
Lasts avg of 8 days
Infants, children, elderly, and immunocompromised may develop severe life-threatening conditions like kidney failure due to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

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16
Q

staphyloplasty

A

surgical repair of the uvula

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17
Q

staphylitis (uvulitis)

A

inflammation of the uvula

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18
Q

staphylectomy (uvulectomy)

A

excision of the uvula

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19
Q

uvul/o

A

uvula

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20
Q

py/o

A

pus

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21
Q

pyocele

A

hernia containing pus

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22
Q

-genic, -genesis

A

producing of forming

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23
Q

pyogenic

A

pus producing

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24
Q

oncogenic

A

tumor producing

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25
Q

pathogenic

A

produce disease

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26
Q

pyothorax

A

accumulation of pus in thoracic cavity

caused by pneumonia and lung abcesses

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27
Q

purulent

A

contains pus

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28
Q

-rrhea

A

flow or discharge

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29
Q

diarrhea

A

to flow through

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30
Q

pyorrhea

A

flow or discharge of pus

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31
Q

ot/o

A

ear

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32
Q

otorrhea

A

discharge from the ear(s)

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33
Q

otoscope

A

instrument used to examine the ear

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34
Q

otic

A

pertaining to the ear

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35
Q

otoscopy

A

process of examining the ear using an otoscope

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36
Q

otitis

A

inflammation of the ear

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37
Q

auris sinistra

A

left ear

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38
Q

auris dextra

A

right ear

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39
Q

auris uterque

A

both ears

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40
Q

otalgia/ otodynia

A

ear pain, ear ache

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41
Q

membrana tympani dextra (MTD)

A

right eardrum

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42
Q

membrana tympani sinistra (MTS)

A

left eardrum

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43
Q

rhinorrhea

A

runny nose, discharge from the nose

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44
Q

tympan/o

A

tympanum, eardrum, drum

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45
Q

tympanic

A

pertaining to the eardrum

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46
Q

tympanotomy, myringotomy

A

incision into the eardrum

ex: inserting tubes into the eardrum

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47
Q

tympanectomy

A

excision of the eardrum

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48
Q

metr

A

measure

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49
Q

-metry

A

process of measuring

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50
Q

tympanometry

A

process of measuring the function of the eardrum

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51
Q

tympanites

A

distended with gas, as tight as a drum

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52
Q

a-, an-

A

not, lack of
a- before consonant
an- before vowel

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53
Q

brady-

A

abnormally slow

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54
Q

dys-

A

difficult, abnormal, poor, painful

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55
Q

tachy-

A

abnormally fast

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56
Q

audi/o

A

hearing

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57
Q

audiology

A

study of hearing

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58
Q

audiometer

A

process of measuring hearing

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59
Q

audiometry

A

process of measuring hearing

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60
Q

audiogram

A

record made by the instrument used to test hearing

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61
Q

audiologist

A

hearing specialist

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62
Q

phon/o

A

voice, vocal sounds

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63
Q

aphonia

A

unable to make sounds

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64
Q

dysphonia

A

weak voice

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65
Q

bradyphasia

A

slow speech

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66
Q

phas

A

speech

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67
Q

aphasia

A

absence of speech

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68
Q

phonic

A

pertaining to the voice

69
Q

phonometer

A

instrument used for measuring intensity of vocal sounds

70
Q

phonology

A

study of voice/vocal sounds

71
Q

audiology

A

study of hearing

72
Q

phasology

A

study of speech

73
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

74
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nose

75
Q

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of the nose

76
Q

rhinotomy

A

incision of the nose

77
Q

lith/o

A

calculus or stone

78
Q

rhinolith

A

calculus or stone in the nose

79
Q

lithogenesis

A

producing or forming calculi or stones

80
Q

calculus

A

“pebble used for counting”

stone formed in the body

81
Q

lithiasis

A

infestation of the body with stones

82
Q

lithology

A

science of dealing with or studying calculi/stones

83
Q

lithotomy

A

incision for the removal of a stone

84
Q

lithometer

A

instrument for measuring the size of calculi

85
Q

cholelith

A

gallstone

86
Q

chol/e

A

gall or bile

87
Q

-iasis

A

suffix used to indicate a pathologic condition

infestation

88
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence of gallstones in the gallbladder

89
Q

trichomonas vaginalis

A

protozoan parasite with a flagella

may cause trichomoniasis, infect urinary and repro tract and considered an STD

90
Q

cholecyst

A

gallbladder

91
Q

cholecystogram

A

x-ray of the gallbladder

92
Q

cholecystography

A

process of taking gallbladder x-ray

93
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder
accompanied by pain and hyperemesis
fatty foods aggravate symptoms

94
Q

cholecystotomy

A

incision into the gallbladder to remove a gallstone

95
Q

cholecystectomy

A

excision of the gallbladder

96
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heart action

97
Q

bradyphasia

A

slowness in eating or swallowing

98
Q

phag/o

A

eat

99
Q

tachycardia

A

rapid heart action

100
Q

tachogram

A

record of the velocity of blood flow

101
Q

pne/o

A

respiration or breathing

102
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

103
Q

bradypnea

A

slow breathing

104
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

105
Q

apnea

A

without breathing, cessation of breathing

106
Q

agenesis

A

without generation, failure to develop or lack of development

107
Q

carcinogenesis

A

development of cancer

108
Q

carcinogenic

A

pertaining to the development of cancer

109
Q

men/o

A

menstruation

110
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful or difficult menstruation

111
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menstruation

112
Q

dystrophy

A

poor development

113
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult breathing

114
Q

peps/o, pep/tic

A

digestion

115
Q

dyspepsia

A

poor digestion

116
Q

apepsia

A

cessation of digestion

117
Q

bradypepsia

A

slow digestion

118
Q

arrhythmia, dysrrhythmia

A

loss of correct rhythm

tachy and bradycardia are types of arrhythmias

119
Q

lexis

A

word or phrase

120
Q

dyslexia

A

condition of difficulty recognizing words and transposing letters or numbers

121
Q

dysphonia

A

condition characterized by difficulty vocalizing

122
Q

dysphasia

A

condition characterized by difficulty speaking

123
Q

therm/o

A

heat

124
Q

thermometer

A

instrument used to measure heat

125
Q

thermal, thermic

A

pertaining to heat

126
Q

thermoesthesia, thermoalgesia

A

oversensitivity to heat

127
Q

thermogenesis

A

formation of body heat

128
Q

thermophobia

A

abnormal fear of heat

129
Q

thermoplegia

A

heatstroke (paralysis)

130
Q

diathermy

A

heating through tissue (treatment)

131
Q

hyperthermia

A

high body temperature (fever)

132
Q

hypothermia

A

low body temperature

133
Q

microcephalus

A

abnormally small head

134
Q

microcyst

A

very small cyst

135
Q

microcyte

A

very small cell

136
Q

microcardia

A

condition of having a small heart

137
Q

microgram

A

one thousandth of a milligram

138
Q

microsurgery

A

surgery performed on minute structures using a microscope and small instruments

139
Q

macrocytes

A

very large cells

140
Q

macrocephalus

A

abnormally large head

141
Q

macroblast

A

large embryonic (germ) cell

142
Q

macrococcus

A

very large coccus (bacterium)

143
Q

macroglossia

A

abnormally large tongue

144
Q

macrotia

A

large ears

145
Q

macrorhinia

A

large nose

146
Q

macrocheilia

A

large lips

147
Q

dactyl/o

A

fingers or toes

148
Q

dactylomegaly, macrodactylia

A

large fingers or toes

149
Q

dactylitis

A

inflammation of a digit

150
Q

dactylospasm

A

cramp/ spasm of a digit

151
Q

dactylogram

A

fingerprint

152
Q

polydactylism

A

too many fingers or toes

153
Q

syn-

A

with, together

154
Q

syndactylism

A

a joining together of two or more digits

155
Q

synergism

A

occurs when two or more drugs or organs working together produce an increased effect

156
Q

synergetic

A

working together, usually referring to muscles

157
Q

synarthrosis

A

immovable joint

ex: sacrum, pelvis, skull

158
Q

drom/o

A

run

159
Q

dromomania

A

insane impulse to wander or roam

160
Q

syndrome

A

variety of symptoms occurring (running along) together

complete picture of a disease

161
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrome

A

syndrome due to alcoholism

characterized by nerve inflammation, insomnia, hallucinations, disorientation, and nerve pain

162
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

behavior changes and hyperemesis following a viral infection and fever may indicate this

163
Q

prodrome

A

running before a disease

symptom indicating an approaching disease

164
Q

dips

A

thirst

165
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

causes: excess salt, upset pituitary secretion, high blood sugar and lack of insulin

166
Q

dipsomania

A

alcoholism (old term)

abnormal compulsion to drink

167
Q

cholangiogram

A

x-ray of the bile ducts

168
Q

moniliasis

A

yeast infection

169
Q

paraphasia

A

abnormal speech

Medical Terminology (22 decks)

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