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Medical Terminology > Unit 3- Oncology and the Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Unit 3- Oncology and the Central Nervous System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Pathology

A

Study of disease

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2
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells

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3
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues

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4
Q

Oncology

A

Study of abnormal growths, tumors, and cancer

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5
Q

Morphology

A

Study of structure of cells

study of form or development

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6
Q

histolysis

A

destruction of tissue

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7
Q

histogenous

A

made of tissue

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8
Q

histoblast

A

embryonic/immature tissue

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9
Q

histocyte

A

tissue cell

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10
Q

histoid

A

resembling tissue

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11
Q

morph/o

A

form, shape, or structure

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12
Q

meta

A

change

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13
Q

-trophy

A

development and growth

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14
Q

-plasia

A

development and growth

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15
Q

-genesis

A

development and growth

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16
Q

hyper-

A

above or more than normal

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17
Q

hypercholesterolemia

A

high amounts of cholesterol in blood

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18
Q

hypertoxicity

A

excessively toxic

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19
Q

hyperkalemia

A

high amounts of potassium in blood

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20
Q

hyperactivity

A

excessively active

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21
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

excess fats in the blood

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22
Q

hyperproteinuria

A

excess protein in urine

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23
Q

hypo-

A

below or less than normal

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24
Q

hypocalcemia

A

low calcium in blood

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25
Q

hypertrophy

A

overdevelopment, increase in size

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26
Q

hyperplasia

A

the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells, often as an initial stage in the development of cancer.

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27
Q

hypergenesis

A

excessive development

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28
Q

hypodactylia

A

fewer than normal fingers or toes

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29
Q

hyposensitive

A

deficient response to stimulation

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30
Q

hypothermia

A

low body temperature

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31
Q

hypokalemia

A

low potassium in blood

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32
Q

hypothyroidism

A

deficient activity of thyroid gland

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33
Q

hypodermic

A

below the skin

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34
Q

hypotrophy (atrophy)

A

progressive degeneration

underdevelopment, decrease in size

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35
Q

hyperemesis

A

excessive vomiting
gravidarum=complication of pregnancy
gallbladder attacks also cause

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36
Q

cardiomegaly

A

hypertrophy of the heart

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37
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

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38
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure

90/50

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39
Q

Diuretic

A

causes excretion of excess water

may be prescribed to lower BP

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40
Q

aden/o

A

glands

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41
Q

adenitis

A

inflammation of a gland

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42
Q

adenectomy

A

excision/removal of a gland

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43
Q

neoplasm

A

abnormal growth of cells

new growth

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44
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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45
Q

adenoma

A

tumor of a gland or glandular tissue

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46
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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47
Q

adenopathy

A

disease of a gland or glandular tissue

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48
Q

lymph/o

A

refers to lymphatic tissue

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49
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

disease of the lymph glands

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50
Q

lipoma

A

tumor containing fat

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51
Q

lip/o

A

fat

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52
Q

lymphoma

A

tumor composed of lymph tissue

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53
Q

lesion

A

wound, injury, or pathologic tissue

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54
Q

ulcers

A

more specific type of lesion
open sores on skin or mucous membrane
crater-like sore

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55
Q

tumor

A

abnormal growth in numbers and/or types of cells and may be cancerous

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56
Q

carcin/o

A

from Greek word for crab

cancer

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57
Q

carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of epithelial tissue
may occur in almost any part of body
composed of abnormal epithelial tissue

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58
Q

metastasis

A

transfer of disease from one organ to another not connected to it
tumor that spreads beyond its origin
pl. metastases

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59
Q

meta-

A

beyond

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60
Q

-stasis

A

in one place (staying)

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61
Q

in situ

A

in place, confined

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62
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

cancer of glandular tissue

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63
Q

sarcoma

A

cancer of connective tissue

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64
Q

osteosarcoma

A

cancer of bone tissue

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65
Q

melan/o

A

black

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66
Q

melanosis

A

black pigmentation

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67
Q

melanoma

A

black tumor

tumor invading growth of melanocytes

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68
Q

seborrheic karatosis

A

noncancerous skin growth

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69
Q

papill/o

A

small elevation of tissue

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70
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous tissue

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71
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

72
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth muscle

73
Q

ather/o

A

fatty, porridgelike

74
Q

hemangi/o

A

blood vessel

75
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

76
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

77
Q

melanocyte

A

black pigmented cell

78
Q

melanoderma

A

black or dark skin coloring

79
Q

melanocarcinoma

A

darkly pigmented cancer

malignant melanoma

80
Q

onc/o

A

mass, tumor

81
Q

oncology

A

study of tumors

82
Q

oncologist

A

specialist who studies tumors

83
Q

-oid

A

like or resembling

84
Q

lipoid

A 
fatlike
resembling fat (cholesterol is ex.)
85
Q

atheroma

A

fatty (porridgelike tissue tumor found in blood vessels)

pl. atheromata

86
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening of vessel walls due to fatty deposits

87
Q

atheromata

A

found in large blood vessels

88
Q

lipomata

A

found in body fat

89
Q

arteri/o

A

arteries

90
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

91
Q

neo-

A

new

92
Q

neogenesis

A

generation of new tissue

93
Q

neonatal

A

pertaining to the newborn

94
Q

anti-

A

against

95
Q

-plast/ic

A

abnormal growth

96
Q

antineoplastic

A

therapeutic agent that works against cancerous neoplasms

97
Q

antitumorigenic

A

inhibits development of tumors

98
Q

radiotheraphy

A

use of radiation for cancer treatment

99
Q

chemotherapy

A

if antineoplastic chemical or drug agents are used for cancer treatment

100
Q

Medical technologists (MTs), Medical laboratory technicians (MLTs) and Certified laboratory assistants (CLAs)

A

Physically and chemically analyze and culture urine, blood, and other body fluids and tissues to determine the presence of all types of diseases
American Society of Clinical Pathology (ASCP) oversees credentialing and education

101
Q

3 treatments for cancer

A

surgery
chemotherapy
radiotherapy

102
Q

mucoid

A

resembling mucus

103
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

104
Q

Radiation therapists (RT[T])

A

Specialize in administration of radiation therapy for purpose of treating cancer
Begin as registered radiographic technologists (RT[R})
Work in radiation oncology

105
Q

mucosa

A

mucous membrane found lining the open body cavities

106
Q

serous membrane/serosa

A

lines closed body cavities and covers outsides of organs

107
Q

cephal/o

A

head

108
Q

-algia

A

pain

109
Q

cephalalgia (cephalgia)

A

pain in the head

110
Q

-dynia, -dynic

A

pain

111
Q

-algia vs -dynia

A
  • algia= preceded by word root

- dynia= preceded by combining word

112
Q

cephalodynic

A

pertaining to head pain, headache

113
Q

cephalalgia, cephalodynia

A

head pain

114
Q

cephalic

A

pertaining to or toward the head

115
Q

encephal/o

A

pertaining to the brain

116
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

117
Q

encephaloma

A

brain tumor

118
Q

-cele

A

herniation

from Greek word kele meaning abnormal protrusion, swelling or herniation

119
Q

encephalocele

A

herniation of the brain

brain tissue protrudes through cranial fissure

120
Q

malacia

A

softening of a tissue

121
Q

encephalomalacia

A

softening of brain tissue

122
Q

encephalotomy

A

incision into the brain

123
Q

malactomy

A

incision of soft areas

124
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

picture of the electrical activity of the brain

125
Q

electroencephalography

A

process of recording electrical brain activity

126
Q

electroencephalograph

A

instrument used to record EEG

turns brain waves into electrical patterns showing a picture of changes in activity

127
Q

electroneurodiagnostic (END) technologist

A

Perform EEG, evoked potentials (EP), polysomnography (PSG), nerve conduction studies (NCS), and electronystagmography (ENG).
May be graduates of a Committee on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP)

128
Q

crani/o

A

skull

129
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

130
Q

cranioplasty

A

surgical repair of skull

131
Q

craniomalacia

A

softening of the bones of the skull

132
Q

craniectomy

A

excision of part of the cranium

133
Q

craniotomy

A

incision into the skull

134
Q

craniometer

A

instrument used to measure the cranium

135
Q

craniocerebral

A

refers to the skull and the cerebrum

136
Q

cerebr/o

A

pertaining to the cerebrum

137
Q

cerebrum

A

largest part of brain where thought occurs
thinking, feeling, and movement controlled by gray matter in cerebrum
Includes frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes

138
Q

cerebritis

A

inflammation of the cerebrum

139
Q

cerebroma

A

cerebral tumor

140
Q

cerebrotomy

A

incision into cerebrum to drain abscess

141
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

Stroke

142
Q

disease

A

abnormal function

143
Q

hypertensive cardiovascular disease (HCVD)

A

high blood pressure in vessels of the heart

144
Q

cerebrospinal

A

refers to cerebrum and spinal cord

145
Q

mening/o

A

meninges

3 layer membrane that covers brain and spinal cord

146
Q

3 meninges

A

pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater

147
Q

meningocele

A

herniation of the meninges

148
Q

meningomalacia

A

softening of the meninges

149
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

150
Q

meninges singular

A

meninx

151
Q

biopsy

A

excision of live tissue for examination

152
Q

cerebral

A

pertaining to the cerebrum

153
Q

cerebrovascular

A

pertaining to the cerebrum and blood vessels

154
Q

cytotechnologist

A

specialized technician that tests cells

155
Q

cytologist

A

specialist in study of cells

156
Q

encephalomeningitis

A

inflammation of the brain and meninges

157
Q

encephalomyelopathy

A

disease condition of the brain and spinal cord

158
Q

electroneurodiagnostic

A

electrical diagnostic testing (imaging) of nervous system function

159
Q

glandular

A

pertaining to a gland

160
Q

herniation

A

abnormal protrusion of an organ or other body structure through a defect or natural opening

161
Q

malacotomy

A

incision into soft tissue

162
Q

malignant

A

bad, worsening, or leading to death

163
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

164
Q

metastasize

A

to spread beyond its origin

165
Q

metastatic

A

pertaining to a metastasis or metastases

166
Q

mucus

A

watery substance secreted by mucous membranes

167
Q

neurodiagnostic

A

pertaining to the diagnostic studies performed to examine the nervous system by detecting electrical changes

168
Q

vascular

A

pertaining to vessels

169
Q

abscess

A

an area of tissue infection

170
Q

abcites

A

effusion of fluid into the abdominal cavity

171
Q

abrasion

A

an area of the skin or mucous membrane which has rubbed away by friction

172
Q

adipose

A

fat

173
Q

extravasation

A

the escape of body fluid or injected material from its normal channel

174
Q

edema

A

the presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in body tissues

175
Q

lesion

A

an abnormal change in structure of an organ or part due to injury or disease

Medical Terminology (22 decks)

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