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Medical Terminology > Unit 10- Surgery, Diabetes, Immunology, Lesions, and Prefixes of Numbers and Direction > Flashcards

Unit 10- Surgery, Diabetes, Immunology, Lesions, and Prefixes of Numbers and Direction Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

lapar/o

A

abdominal wall

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2
Q

laparoscopy

A

process of examining abdominal cavity with endoscope

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3
Q

laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH)

A

removal of uterus through vagina assisted by laparoscope

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4
Q

Most common laparoscopic procedure

A

cholecystectomy

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5
Q

trocars

A

hollow tubes with a seal that instruments travel through into abdomen

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6
Q

laparotomy

A

incision into abdominal wall

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7
Q

laparorrhaphy

A

suturing of abdominal wall

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8
Q

pyr/o

A

heat, fever, fire

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9
Q

pyromaniac

A

one who has madness for starting or seeing fire

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10
Q

pyrosis

A

condition of heat (heartburn)

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11
Q

pyrexia

A

fever

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12
Q

hyperpyrexia

A

high fever

over 102 F

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13
Q

pyrometer

A

thermometer

instrument used to measure heat

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14
Q

pyrolysis

A

destruction by fever

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15
Q

pyrophobia

A

abnormal fear of fire

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16
Q

pyrotoxin

A

toxin produced by fever

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17
Q

hydr/o or hydro-

A

water or fluid

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18
Q

hidro

A

sweat

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19
Q

hidrocystadenoma

A

cystic tumor of a sweat gland

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20
Q

hidradenitis

A

inflammation of sweat glands

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21
Q

hidrosis

A

condition of sweating

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22
Q

hyperhidrosis

A

profuse sweating

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23
Q

hidrorrhea

A

flow of sweat

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24
Q

anhidrosis

A

absence of sweat

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25
Q

glyc/o, gluc/o

A

sweet or sugar

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26
Q

glycogenesis/glucogenesis

A

formation of sugar
glyco-formation of glycogen from carbohydrates
gluco-formation of glucose from glycogen

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27
Q

glycoprotein/glucoprotein

A

substance made of sugar and protein

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28
Q

glycosuria/glucosuria

A

sugar in the urine

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29
Q

glycohemoglobin

A

Sugar and hemoglobin
Aka glycated hemoglbin (GHB)
Present with high blood sugar levels
Hemoglobin A1c test measures levels

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30
Q

glycogen

A

animal starch; formed from simple sugars and stored as reserve fuel
converts into glucose

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31
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

3 main types

Characterized by hypoglycemia and other metabolic disturbances

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32
Q

Type I diabetes

A

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
Onset in youth, exogenous insulin dependency, tendency to ketoacidosis, viral etiology, autoimmune basis, genetic predisposition

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33
Q

Type II diabetes

A

Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
Onset in adults over 40, some endogenous insulin production, obesity or normal weight, treated with diet modification and oral hypoglycemic agents

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34
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

(GDM)
In individuals not previously diabetic who develop hyperglycemia in pregnancy
May progress to another diabetes or return to normal glucose levels postpartum

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35
Q

glycemia

A

sugar in the blood

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36
Q

hyperglycemia

A

high blood sugar

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37
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low blood sugar

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38
Q

glycolysis

A

breakdown of glycogen to glucose

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39
Q

glycorrhea

A

discharge/flow of sugar from the body

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40
Q

glycolipid

A

sugar and fat

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41
Q

immun/o

A

immune

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42
Q

immunology

A

study of the function of the immune system

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43
Q

immunotherapy

A

Process of giving immunizations

Ex: DPT and IPV

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44
Q

immunodeficiency

A

characterized by inability to fight disease

ex: AIDS

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45
Q

Natural immunity

A

passive- mother to fetus

active- exposed to virus

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46
Q

artificial immunity

A

scientifically designed
Passive= Immunoglobin (IG) injections to boost immune system
Active= vaccinations

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47
Q

aut/o

A

self

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48
Q

autodiagnosis

A

diagnosing one’s own diseases

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49
Q

autodermic

A

pertains to dermatoplasty with one’s own skin

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50
Q

autonomic

A

self-controlling

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51
Q

autolysis

A

self-destruction or self-destroying

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52
Q

autoimmunity

A

If one’s own body produces antibodies to one’s own tissues
Being allergic to one’s own tissues
Ex: rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus

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53
Q

autophagia

A

biting one’s self

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54
Q

autophobia

A

abnormal fear of being alone

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55
Q

autohemotherapy

A

therapy with one’s own blood (transfusion)

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56
Q

autoplasty

A

surgery using grafts from one’s own body

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57
Q

autologous, autogenous

A

originating in itself or coming from one’s own body

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58
Q

autograft

A

skin graft from own healthy skin

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59
Q

mono

A

one or single

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60
Q

monograph

A

deals with a single subject

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61
Q

mononuclear

A

having one nucleus

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62
Q

monomania

A

abnormal preoccupation with one subject only

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63
Q

monocyte

A

one cell

type of leukocyte

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64
Q

monoma

A

one tumor

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65
Q

monomyoplegia

A

paralysis of one muscle

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66
Q

hemi-/ semi-

A

half

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67
Q

mono-/ uni-

A

one

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68
Q

prot-/ prim-

A

first

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69
Q

di(plo)-, bi-

A

two

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70
Q

tri-

A

three

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71
Q

tetra-/ quadr-

A

four

72
Q

penta-/ quint-

A

five

73
Q

hexa-, sex/ta-

A

six

74
Q

hepta-, sept/a-

A

seven

75
Q

oct/a-

A

eight

76
Q

enne(a)-, non(i)-

A

nine

77
Q

deca-, dec(i)-

A

deca=ten

deci=tenth

78
Q

hecto-, cent(i)-

A

Hecto=one hundred

Centi=one hundredth

79
Q

kilo-, mill(i)-

A

Kilo=one thousand

Milli=one thousandth

80
Q

mononeural

A

pertaining to one nerve

81
Q

monocytosis

A

condition of increase in monocytes

82
Q

mononucleosis

A

condition caused by a viral infection that can damage the liver
monocytosis is an indication

83
Q

multi-

A

many or more than one

84
Q

para

A

whole word, prefix, and suffix

85
Q

para and -para

A

refer to a woman who has given birth one or more times

86
Q

parity

A

quality of having given birth

87
Q

para II, 3, IV

A

Indicates number of times given birth

88
Q

multipara

A

Woman who has brought forth (borne) more than one child

Always refers to mother

89
Q

multiparous

A

adjective of multipara

Refers to birth of multiple children

90
Q

nulli-

A

none

91
Q

nullipara

A

a woman who has never borne a child

92
Q

primipara

A

woman having her first child

93
Q

gravida

A

heavy or weighted down

pregnant

94
Q

primigravida

A

woman experiencing her first pregnancy

95
Q

Woman who has been pregnant 4 times and had 2 miscarriages and two live births is…

A

grav 4, ab 2, para 2

96
Q

nullipara

A

no live births

97
Q

nulliparous

A

pertaining to no live births

98
Q

primipara

A

first live birth

99
Q

cubic centimeters (cc)

A

volume measurement frequently used when giving injections

Amount of fluid in one centimeter cubed

100
Q

ab-

A

away from

101
Q

abduction

A

moving away from the midline

102
Q

abnormal

A

going away from normal

103
Q

aboral

A

away form the mouth

104
Q

abberant

A

wandering from the normal course

105
Q

abirritant

A

takes irritation away from the patient

106
Q

ablactation

A

takes the baby away from the breastfeeding

cessation of milk secretion

107
Q

abort

A

away from being born

108
Q

abrasion

A

scrape type of injury

109
Q

deciduous teeth

A

“fall from” child’s mouth
20 deciduous teeth
32 2ndary teeth

110
Q

dehydration

A

takes water from a moist substance

Can be caused by vomiting, diarrhea, high fever

111
Q

decalcification

A

when calcium is removed from bones
can occur in pregnancy, inadequate vitamin D
can cause osteoporosis

112
Q

de-

A

down from

resulting in less than

113
Q

excise

A

to cut out and remove a part

114
Q

exhale/expire

A

to breath out waste matter from body

115
Q

excretion

A

process of expelling a substance

ex: urinary, respiratory, dermal, menstrual, gastrointestinal

116
Q

extraction

A

procedure in which something is pulled out

117
Q

full-mouth extraction (FME)

A

When all a patient’s teeth have to be pulled out

118
Q

full-mouth extraction (FME)

A

When all a patient’s teeth have to be pulled out

119
Q

extension

A

to straighten or lengthen

120
Q

iso-

A

equal or the same

121
Q

isometric

A

of equal dimensions

122
Q

isocellular

A

composed of cells of equal size

123
Q

isotonic solution

A

has same pressure as red blood cells

ex: normal saline, intravenous glucose

124
Q

hypertonic solutions

A

have higher osmotic pressure than blood cells

125
Q

hypotonic solutions

A

have lower osmotic pressure than blood cells

126
Q

isodactylism

A

fingers or toes of equal length

127
Q

isothermal(ic)

A

pertaining to equal temperature

128
Q

anis/o

A

unequal

129
Q

anisomastia

A

breasts of unequal size

130
Q

mastos

A

breast

131
Q

mastitis

A

inflammation of the breast

132
Q

mastectomy

A

surgical excision of part or all of the breast

133
Q

mastocarcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of the breast

134
Q

anisocytosis

A

cells of unequal sizes

can be caused by unhealthy bone marrow

135
Q

peri-

A

around

136
Q

per-

A

through

137
Q

circum-

A

around

138
Q

dia-

A

through, complete

139
Q

periarticular

A

around articulations or joints

140
Q

peritonsillar

A

around the tonsil

141
Q

pericolic

A

around the colon

142
Q

periodontal

A

pertaining to the diseases of the support structures around the teeth

143
Q

perichondral

A

around a cartilage

144
Q

periadenitis

A

inflammation around a gland

145
Q

pericolpitis

A

inflammation around the vagina

146
Q

perihepatitis

A

inflammation around the liver

147
Q

pericardiectomy

A

excision of tissue around the heart (pericardium)

148
Q

circumocular

A

around the eyes

149
Q

circumoral

A

around the mouth

150
Q

circumoral

A

around the mouth

151
Q

circumscribed

A

limited in space (as though a line were drawn around it)

ex: hive, boil, pimples, pustules

152
Q

circumcision

A

to cut around

surgical procedure for removing foreskin of penis

153
Q

diagnosis

A

knowing through

154
Q

diathermy

A

heating through

155
Q

diarrhea

A

flow through

156
Q

-esis

A

action or process

157
Q

diaphoresis

A

action of profuse sweating

158
Q

arthrodesis

A

immobilizing (binding) a joint

159
Q

hematopoiesis

A

process of forming blood

160
Q

diuresis

A

process of causing urine to flow through more rapidly

161
Q

diuretic

A

substance that causes increase in urine output

162
Q

nocturnal enuresis

A

nighttime bedwetting

163
Q

per-

A

through

164
Q

perforate

A

act of making a hole through something

165
Q

percussion

A

a striking though

166
Q

perfusion

A

supplying tissues with oxygen and nutrients through the blood supply or other tissue fluids

167
Q

perfusate

A

fluid used to perfuse tissues

168
Q

necr/o

A

death

169
Q

necrocytosis

A

cellular death

170
Q

necroparasite

A

one that lives on dead organic matter

171
Q

necrosis

A

condition in which dead tissue is surrounded with healthy tissue
can be caused by infection or lack of blood supply

172
Q

necrectomy

A

excision of dead tissue

173
Q

necrotomy

A

incision/dissection into a dead body

174
Q

necrophobia

A

abnormal fear of death or dead bodies

175
Q

3 ways to say postmortem examination

A

autopsy
necropsy
necroscopy

176
Q

-philia

A

abnormal or unusual attraction to

177
Q

necrophilia

A

abnormal attraction to dead bodies

Medical Terminology (22 decks)

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