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Medical Terminology > Unit 4- Orthopedics, Osteopathy, and Body Regions > Flashcards

Unit 4- Orthopedics, Osteopathy, and Body Regions Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Osteo

A

bone

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2
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of the bone

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3
Q

osteomalacia

A

Softening of the bones
Adult rickets
Vitamin D deficiency, phosphate deficiency, and abnormal excretion of calcium by the kidneys
Contributing factor is use of tobacco products

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4
Q

Etiology

A

Study of the cause of a disease

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5
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

Disorder of the parathyroid glands

Can cause calcium to be withdrawn from the bones and cause osteomalacia

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6
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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7
Q

osteopathy

A

disease of bone

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8
Q

Doctor of osteopathy (DO)

A

Receives special training about the skeleton and its relationship to disease
Believe body has natural ability to heal itself given a favorable environment and good nutrition and so act as teachers to help patients take a responsible role in their own well-being and to change unhealthy patterns
Osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT) incorporated into training and practice
American Osteopathic Association (AOA) oversees

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9
Q

osteoma

A

a hard growth on a bone
bone tumor
pl. osteomata

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10
Q

osteoarthropathy

A

any disease involving bones and joints

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11
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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12
Q

poros

A

Greek meaning passageway

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13
Q

osteoporosis

A

Disease condition of the bone in which there is deterioration of the bone matrix causing pores and weakness
Can be caused by calcium deficiency and hormone changes associated with menopause in women and a hereditary predisposition

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14
Q

-penia

A

low number or loss

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15
Q

osteopenia

A

loss of bone

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16
Q

erythrocytopenia

A

red blood cell loss

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17
Q

osteosarcoma

A

bone cancer

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18
Q

myelo

A

bone marrow or spinal cord

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19
Q

myelodysplasia

A

condition characterized by increased and abnormal bone marrow or spinal cord development
defective formation of the spinal cord

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20
Q

polio

A

gray, referring to gray matter of nervous system

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21
Q

poliomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a viral infection
May cause paralysis of the limbs and muscle hypertrophy
Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) given to prevent

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22
Q

encephalomyelopathy

A

disease of the brain and spinal cord

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23
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone and marrow

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24
Q

arthroscope

A

instrument used to look into a joint

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25
Q

myeloblast

A

immature bone marrow cell

bone marrow germ cell

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26
Q

myelocytic

A

pertaining to myelocytes

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27
Q

myelocele

A

herniation of the spinal cord

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28
Q

meningomyelocele

A

herniation of the spinal cord and meninges

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29
Q

-plasia

A

development or formation naturally

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30
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase in number of cells in a tissue

overgrowth, too much development

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31
Q

dys-

A

defective

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32
Q

dysplasia

A

defective formation

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33
Q

arthrodysplasia

A

defective formation of a joint

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34
Q

myelodysplasia

A

defective formation of the spinal cord

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35
Q

osteodysplasia

A

defective bone development

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36
Q

aplasia

A

failure of an organ to develop

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37
Q

hypoplasia

A

deficient development

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38
Q

arthroscopy

A

procedure for examining the joints by looking with an arthroscope

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39
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical repair of a joint

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40
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair or reconstruction

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41
Q

plast

A

form, mold, or rebuild

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42
Q

-plasia vs -trophy vs -genesis

A
  • plasia= changes in number and form of cells
  • trophy= changes in size of cells and organs
  • genesis= original growth of cells and organs
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43
Q

arthritic

A

pertaining to a joint

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44
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint

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45
Q

antiarthritic agent

A

medication used to treat arthritis

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46
Q

osteoarthritis (OA)

A

arthritis characterized by inflammation and destruction of bone and joint tissue

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47
Q

Rheumatoid

A

Greek for resembling discharge or fluid

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48
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

affects softer tissues of the joint and often accompanied by fluid in the joints
Causes inflammation of joints- arthritis
Caused by systemic autoimmune response

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49
Q

arthrotomy

A

incision into a joint

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50
Q

rheumatology

A

medical specialty that studies, diagnoses, and treats rheumatic conditions

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51
Q

rheumatologist

A

physician specialist who treats rheumatic conditions

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52
Q

tendons

A

made of connective tissue and attach muscle to bone

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53
Q

ligaments

A

attach bone to bone

supports visceral organs

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54
Q

fascia

A

attaches muscle to muscle

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55
Q

teno-, tendo-, tendino-

A

tendon

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56
Q

tendoplasty, tenoplasty, tendinoplasty

A

repair of the tendons surgically

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57
Q

tendin/o-

A

used for words about inflammation of the tendons

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58
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

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59
Q

ten/o-

A

used for words for pain in a tendon

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60
Q

tenalgia, tenodynia

A

tendon pain

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61
Q

bursa

A

small serous sac between a tendon and bone

pl. bursae

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62
Q

burs/o

A

refers to bursae of body

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63
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

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64
Q

bursectomy

A

excision of a bursa

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65
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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66
Q

osteochondritis

A

inflammation of bone and cartilage

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67
Q

cartilage

A

tough, elastic connective tissue found in ear, nose tip, rib ends, and lining of joints

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68
Q

chondralgia, chondrodynia

A

pain in or around cartilage

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69
Q

tenoplasty

A

repair of tendons

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70
Q

tenodynia

A

pain in tendons

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71
Q

chondrectomy

A

excision of cartilage

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72
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

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73
Q

chondrocostal

A

pertaining to the ribs and cartilage

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74
Q

costectomy

A

excision of a rib or ribs

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75
Q

menisc/us

A

crescent-shaped cartilage structure in the knee

lateral and medial meniscus

76
Q

meniscitis

A

inflammation of the meniscus

77
Q

meniscectomy

A

excision of a torn meniscus

78
Q

costal

A

pertaining to the ribs

79
Q

intercostal

A

between the ribs

80
Q

inter-

A

between

81
Q

hypochondriac

A

below the cartilage, region below the rib cage cartilage

82
Q

interchondral

A

between cartilages

83
Q

internal vs external intercostal muscles

A

internal- breathing out, decreasing size of ribcage

external- inhalation, enlarging the rib cage

84
Q

dent/o dent/i

A

tooth/teeth

85
Q

interdental

A

between the teeth

86
Q

dental

A

pertaining to the teeth

87
Q

dentalgia

A

pain in the teeth (toothache)

88
Q

dentoid

A

tooth-shaped, resembling a tooth

89
Q

dentist

A

takes care of teeth

Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS)

90
Q

dentifrice

A

used for cleaning teeth

91
Q

orth/o

A

straight

92
Q

odont/o

A

shaped like a tooth

93
Q

orthodontist

A

dentist who specializes in straightening abnormally positioned teeth

94
Q

peri-

A

around or near

95
Q

peridontal

A

around or near the teeth

96
Q

peridontist

A

performs surgery of the gums or tissues around the teeth

97
Q

periosteum

A

membrane around the bone

98
Q

perichondrium

A

membrane around the cartilage

99
Q

pericardium

A

membrane around the heart

100
Q

orthopedist

A 
Physician who specializes in the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.
Treats fractures (makes straight)
101
Q

orthotics

A

science that studies and develops mechanical appliances used as supportive devices
also the devices themselves like splints and casts

102
Q

orthotist

A

specialist who designs and fits supportive devices

103
Q

prosthetists

A

work with patients in need of replacing an amputated limb

104
Q

prosthesis

A

appliance that prosthetist produces

artificial limb or other body part replacement

105
Q

orthosis

A

condition of straightening or supporting

106
Q

lumb/o, lumbar

A

lower back, between thorax and sacrum

107
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

L1-5

108
Q

thorac/o

A

chest/thorax

109
Q

thoracolumbar

A

pertaining to the chest and lower back

110
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

T1-12

111
Q

supra

A

on, over, above

112
Q

supralumbar

A

above the lumbar region

113
Q

supracostal

A

above the ribs

114
Q

supracranial

A

surface of the head on top of the skull

115
Q

pub/o

A

refers to pubis

bone in lower anterior pelvis

116
Q

pubis

A

bone of the pelvis, pubic bone

117
Q

suprapubic

A

above the pubis

118
Q

suprapubic cystotomy

A

incision of bladder from the suprapubic region

119
Q

pelv/i

A

refers to pelvis

bony structure including the ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, and coccyx

120
Q

plural of pelvis

A

pelves

121
Q

pelvimetry

A

measuring pelvis size

done during pregnancy

122
Q

cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)

A

When baby’s head is larger than diameter of mother’s pelvis

Can lead to serious complications during delivery

123
Q

pelvimeter

A

device used for pelvimetry

124
Q

suprapelvic

A

above the pelvis

125
Q

cephalometer

A

measures the head

126
Q

thoracometer

A

measures the chest

127
Q

cardiometer

A

measures the heart

128
Q

abnormal

A

deviating from what is normal or expected

129
Q

ab-

A

from, away from

130
Q

aberrant

A 
wandering from (-errant=wandering)
used in medicine to describe a structure that wanders from the normal path
131
Q

abberant nerve, vessels

A

nerve fibers/vessels that follow an unusual route

132
Q

duct

A

to lead or move

133
Q

abduction

A

movement away from a midline

ex: occurs when arm is raised from side of body or fingers of hand are spread apart

134
Q

ad-

A

toward

135
Q

adduction

A

movement toward a midline

ex: when arm is moved toward body

136
Q

addiction

A

being drawn toward the same habit

137
Q

adhesion

A

formed when two normally separate tissues join together

pts usually encouraged to ambulate soon after surgery to help prevent postop adhesions

138
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

belly area, cavity below thorax

139
Q

paracentesis, centesis

A

surgical puncture

insertion of a needle into a body cavity for the purpose of aspirating fluid

140
Q

abdominocentesis

A

tapping or puncturing of the abdomen for the removal of fluid
surgical puncture of the abdomen

141
Q

amni/o

A

amnion

protective sac surrounding fetus

142
Q

amniocentesis

A

tapping or puncturing amniotic sac to remove cells for genetic testing

143
Q

cardiocentesis

A

surgical puncture into the heart chambers

used for diagnosis and treatment

144
Q

abdominocystic

A

pertaining to the abdomen and urinary bladder

145
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder or fluid-filled sac

also, gallbladder, ovarian cyst

146
Q

cystotomy

A

incision into the urinary bladder

147
Q

cystectomy

A

excision of the urinary bladder

148
Q

-scopy

A

procedure used to look into an organ or body cavity with a scope

149
Q

cystoscopy

A

process of examining by looking with an instrument into the urinary bladder

150
Q

cystotomy

A

incision into the urinary bladder

151
Q

cystocele

A

When bladder wall weakens and forms a hernia into the vagina

most common in women

152
Q

thorac/o

A

thorax

chest/area of the back posterior to the chest

153
Q

cystoscopy

A

process of examining by looking with an instrument into the urinary bladder

154
Q

cystoplasty

A

surgical repair of the bladder

155
Q

cystocele

A

When bladder wall weakens and forms a hernia into the vagina

156
Q

thorac/o

A

thorax/chest

157
Q

thorax pl. form

A

thoraces

158
Q

thoracolumbar

A

pertaining to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

159
Q

cholecyst-

A

gallbladder

160
Q

thoracocentesis (thoracentesis)

A

puncture (surgical tapping) of the chest to remove fluids

161
Q

thoracopathy

A

chest disease

162
Q

thoracolumbar

A

pertaining to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

163
Q

cholecyst-

A

gallbladder

164
Q

hydrophobia

A

abnormal fear of water

aka rabies, b/c rabid animals afraid of choking on water

165
Q

hydrocele

A

accumulation of fluid in saclike cavity
more specific form of hydrocyst
especially scrotum, 2-5 year old boys

166
Q

hydrocephalus

A

collection of fluid in head
enlarged head due to increased amount of fluid in the skull
results in deformity unless arrested, causes brain damage, children usually mentally challenged

167
Q

-phobia

A

fear

168
Q

hydrophobia

A

abnormal fear of water

169
Q

acrophobia

A

fear of heights (extremely high places)

170
Q

androphobia

A

fear of men

171
Q

autophobia

A

fear of being by one’s self

172
Q

bacteriophobia

A

fear of bacteria

173
Q

carcinophobia

A

fear of cancer

174
Q

leukophobia

A

fear of the color white

175
Q

claustrophobia

A

fear of confined spaces

176
Q

hydrotherapy

A

treatment by water

PTs use swirling baths to increase ease of movement

177
Q

gynephobia/gynophobia

A

fear of women

178
Q

leukophobia

A

fear of the color white

179
Q

myelocytes

A

bone marrow cells

180
Q

hydrotherapy

A

treatment by water

PTs use swirling baths to increase ease of movement

181
Q

fracture

A

break or crack

182
Q

kyphosis

A

hunch back, posterior thoracic curvature

183
Q

myelocytes

A

bone marrow cells

184
Q

periodontal

A

around the tooth

185
Q

periodontist

A

dentist specializing in treatment of diseased tissue around teeth

Medical Terminology (22 decks)

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