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Nur 112 > Unit 8 Cellular regulation > Flashcards

Unit 8 Cellular regulation Flashcards

0
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increased cell size

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1
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase number/density of cells (normal cell)

Metabolic demand, stress, hormones increase

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2
Q

Metaplasia

A

Cell ends up in wrong place

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3
Q

Dysplasia

A

Loss of DNA control

Changed appearance

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4
Q

Anaplasia

A

Regression of differentiation
No DNA control
Destructive conditions

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5
Q

Cancer cell facts

A 
Abnormally regulated Cellular division
No apoptosis 
No "normal" shapes
Larger nucleus 
Don't adhere 
Can migrate
Invasive
Aneuploid (+/- chromosomes)
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6
Q

Normal cell facts

A 
Regulated Cellular division
Apoptosis
"Normal" sizes
Small nucleus
Differentiated
Adhere together
No migration
Can die when touched
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7
Q

In situ

A

“Staying in one place”

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8
Q

Benign tumor

A 
Moles/skin tags
Rare
Rarely reoccurrence
Slow growth
Expands to boundaries
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9
Q

Malignant tumor

A

Metastatic
Infiltrates
More different than parent
More vascular

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10
Q

Initiation

A

First cellular damage that’s irreversible

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11
Q

Promotion

A

Can last for years

Depends on duration of exposure

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12
Q

Progression

A

Growth past 1 cm is considered cancer. No longer a tumor

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13
Q

Oncogenes

A

Mutations of normal genes

Formed from proto-oncogenes

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14
Q

Cancer premises

A

Either dis functioning tumor suppresser gene or stronger cancer causing agent
Bad defense or good offense

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15
Q

Diagnostic tests

A 
X ray
Ultrasound for dense tissues
MRI
Biopsy
Aspirated fluids 
Blood work
Oscopy for visualization
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16
Q

Anatomic Cancer classes

A 
Sarcoma- connective, muscle, bone
Myeloma-plasma
Leukemia- begin in marrow, spleen, and lymph
Carcinoma- begin in organ linings
Lymphoma- lymph system
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17
Q

Histological cancer classes

A

Grade 1- well differentiated (pretty similar to parent)
2- moderately differentiated
3- poor
4- undifferentiated

18
Q

TNM Cancer classes

A

Tumor, node, metastasis (memorize all levels)

19
Q

Caution cancer

A 
Change in bowel/bladder
A sore that doesn't heal
Unusual bleeding/discharge
Thickening of lump
Indigestion or dysphasia 
Obvious skin change
Nagging cough
20
Q

CHILD CANCER

A 
Continued weight loss
Headache
Increased swelling/pains
Lumps
Development of bleeding/ bruising
Constant infection
A white spot behind pupils
Nausea
Constantly tired
Eye/vision change
Recurrent infections
21
Q

Teletherapy

A

External radiation very specifically aimed
Skin marked, don’t scrub, ONLY WATER, no heat/cold
Same position and have cast, hats
BURNS

22
Q

Brachytherapy

A

Permanent or temp
Rod Implanted into cavity
Private room with isolation
Proper disposal

23
Q

Teletherapy proc

A

15-30 min
5 days a week
Skin care
HGB, PLT, WBC

24
Q

BRM

A

Not as common

Man made stuff to stimulate own immune system

25
Q

Alkylating agents

A 
Broad spectrum and frequently used
Binds DNA preventing replication
Keep PT hydrated 2-3 L
infection monitoring
Monitor IV/IO
26
Q

Alkylating agents s/e

A 
Immunosupressed
Thrombocytopenia
Generals
Necrosis
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Dsyurea, hemourea
27
Q

General s/e

A 
NVD
Anorexia
Hair loss
Rash
Photosensitive 
Darkening skin
28
Q

Cytoxan

A

Oral IV
(cyclophosphamide)
Aspirin, thiazides, warfarin

29
Q

Antimetabolites

A

5FU
Binds like a nutrient
Mucus membrane assessment
IV site monitoring with constant blood return check

30
Q

5FU s/e

A 
Bruising, low PLT
Generals
Marrow depression even 8 days post treatment
Stomatitis early toxicity symptom
Extravization
31
Q

Adriamycin (doxorubicin) s/e

A 
Cardio toxic (within minutes) 
Red urine
Rythmias
Lowers RBC
Secondary malignancy 1-3 years
32
Q

Adriamycin

A

Antibiotic
EKG/echo monitoring
(35 min)

33
Q

Vincristine (Oncovin)

A

Hod and nh lymphoma

Herbal supplemets/ nutrition/ meds

34
Q

Oncovin

A 
Neuro
Pain
Reflexes
Paralytic ileus
Constipation 
Marrow depression
Vesicant
35
Q

Nolvadex (tomaxifen)

A 
Hormones block estrogen to cancer (breast cancer)
Tumor gets bigger then smaller 
Less side effects
PO with food 
No antacids or crushing
Can be used prophylactic
36
Q

Tamoxifen s/e

A 
Endometrial cancer
Strokes
Embolism
Hot flashes 
Vaginally discharge
Fluid retention
37
Q

Neutropenia parameters

A

No chemo: < 500

Chemo: < 1000

38
Q

Alopecia

A

Should end 2 months after treatment

Return but maybe not the same

39
Q

Brachytherapy procedure

A 
Perm or short term
Wear full gear
Isolation
Only stay short time (family too)
No pregnant people around
If falls out, special device to pick up and stored, team called to get
40
Q

Chemo indications

A

Cure
Palliative
Prophylaxis
Usually with surgery and/or radiation

41
Q

Antimetabolites treat

A

Lady and GI

Breast, cervix, colon, liver, stomach, panc, rect

42
Q

Nursing and chemo

A

Not all nurses can give

Must have blood return!!!

43
Q

Anti tumor indications

A

Solid tumors, leukemia, lymphoma

Nur 112 (19 decks)

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