Unit 8 Anemia Lecture Flashcards
Erythropoietin
Produced in kidney to stimulate RBC prod in marrow
RBC Vit to produce HGB
B6
B12
Ribolflavin
(Look up 5 more)
Blood loss anemia
RBC normal at first then decrease with fluid shift
Low Fe and circulation
Fluid shift into vascular
More bleeding= less compensation
Return to normal 3-4 weeks with adequate Fe
Neonatal blood loss anemia
Hemorrhage
Placental
Destruction
Low production or mom or baby
G6PD
X linked hereditary
Asymptomatic until stressors
Vit K, Aspirin, sulfonamides exacerbate
G6PD enzyme
Enzymes of RBC metabolism/production
Damages RBC
G6PD symptoms
Pallor
Jaundice
HGB in urine
Reticulocyte count elevated (indicates response to low RBC)
Acquired hemolytic
RBC destroyed by outside source
Acquired hemolytic causes
Transplant
Disease
Transfusion reaction
Acquired hemolytic S/S
Enlarged spleen
Jaundice
Abd pain
Path fx if severe
Thalassemia
Inherited
1 of 2 HGB proteins are missing
Asian, Arabic, AA have both deficiency
Minor- one parent has (mild)
Thalassemia symptoms
Small pale Bulls eye cells
Bronze skin
Mild symptoms
Thal major
Both parents give
high mortality and symptoms in first year
very rare to adulthood
Constant transfusions to prolong and manage
Aplastic
Low RBC alone or
Pantocytopenia (all 3 cells decreased)
Immunocompromised
Weakness, fatigue, pale, bleeding, tachy
Nutritional anemia type
Iron
B12
Folic acid
Fe anemia
HGB depleted the iron
Child bearing women, elderly
poor diet, Blood loss, GI malabsorption
Fe deficient anemia
Spoon nails
Pica (abnormal food cravings)
Shob
Sores on side of the mouth
B12
Poor absorption, vegetarian, vegan, parasites, disease
Glossitis, wt loss, paresthesis, neuro symptoms
Pernicious B12
Low intrinsic factor, low parietal cells in pernicious
Im shots for life (weekly then monthly)
Folic acid anemia
Elderly, alcoholics, malnourished
Palpitations, cheilosis
Ferritin
Most accurate Fe deficient anemia test
Stores and transports Fe
Folic adverse s/e
Bronchospasm Erythema Rashes Malaise Dark yellow urine
Folic acid admin
Food don’t matter
Immunosuppressants/Birth control/antibiotics can decrease effects
Liver metabolism
B12 admin
Deep subQ/IM for most PO for ONLY B12 deficiency Burns ETOH decreases absorption With food
B12 contras
Heart/lung disease because of salt retention
Fe admin
HGB/HCT monitoring 1 hr before/2 hr after meals No dairy/antacids Food if GI upset but decreases absorption IM with Z track
Fe supplement s/e
Dark stool
Gi pain
NVD
Liquid iron stains teeth
Fe Dextran
Slow IV
Test dose for anaphylaxis
.5 mL over 30 seconds
Oral care measures
Q2
Soft brush
50/50 peroxide/NS/No alcohol mouthwash
Petroleum jelly on lips
