Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Psych > Unit 8 > Flashcards

Unit 8 Flashcards

Clinical Psychology

1
Q

psychological disorder

A

syndrome marked by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation or behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

medical model

A

concept that diseases (in this case psychological disorders) have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and usually cured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anxiety disorders

A

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors to reduce anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

intense fear or avoidance of social situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

an anxiety disorder inwhich a person is continually tense, apprehensive and in a state of automatic nervous system arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

panic disorder

A

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes long episodes of intense dread inwhich a person experiences terror, chest pain, choking or other frightening symptoms often following fear of a possible attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear/avoidance of situations (crowds/open spaces) where one has a feeling of loss of control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

phobia

A

anxiety disorder, persistent irrational fear and avoidance for a specific object, activity or situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (conpulsions) or both.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, insomnia that lingers for >4weeks after traumatic event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

major depressive disorder

A

disorder inwhich a person experienced in the absence of drugs or another medical condition 2+ weeks 5 or more symptoms at least 1 of which is a depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

symptoms of major depressive disorder

A

-difficulty w decision making and concentration
-feeling hopeless
-poor self esteem
- reduced energy level
-problems regulating sleep
-problems regulating appetite
-suicidal thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bipolar disorder

A

disorder inwhich a person alternates between hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mania

A

hyperactive wildly optimistic state inwhich dangerously poor judgement is common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

rumination

A

compulsive fretting, ovethinking problems and causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

personality disorder

A

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 clusters of personality disorders

A
  1. anxious
  2. eccentric/odd behavior
  3. dramatic or impulsive behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

disorder inwhich a person(usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscious for wrong doing even towards friends/family may be impulsive aggressive ruthless or con artist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

eating disorder inwhich a person (usually teen girl) maintains starvation diet despite being dangerously underweight, sometimes accompanied w excessive exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

eating disorder inwhich persons binge eating is followed by unhealthy weight loss behaviors: vomiting, laxatives, fasting, excessive exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

binge eating disorder

A

significant binge eating episodes followed by distress disgust guilt but without bulimia behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

psychological disorders inwhich symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

conversion disorder

A

a disorder related to somatic symptom disorder inwhich a person experiences very specific, physical symptoms that aren’t compatible eith medical/neurological conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

disorder related to somatic symptom disorder inwhich a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
dissociative disorders
controversial, rare disorders inwhich a conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous thoughts feelings memories
26
dissociative identity disorder
rare dissociative disorder inwhich a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities
27
psychotic disorders
group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality
28
schizophrenia
disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished/inappropriate emotional expression
29
hallucinations
false sensory experiences
30
delusion
false belief, often of persecution or grandeur
31
chronic schizophrenia
symptoms usually appear by late adolescence/ early adulthood. as people age, psychotic episodes last longer & recovery periods shorten
32
acute schizophrenia
(reactive schizophrenia) can begin at any age, frequently in response e to traumatic event (recovery is more likely)
33
psychotherapy
treatment involving psychological techniques, interactions between trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties/achieve personal growth
34
biomedical therapy
prescribed medications/procedures that act directly on a person's physiology
35
eclectic approach
approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy
36
psychoanalysis
-bring repressed issues into conscious awareness -give insight on origins of disorders -reduce growth-impending inner conflicts
37
resistance
in psychoanalysis, blocking from consciousness the anxiety laden material therapists would recognizes resustances during free association
38
interpretation
in psychoanalysis, analyst's noting supossed dream meanings, resistances, other significant behavior, events to promote insight
39
transference
in psychoanalysis, patients transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (love/hatred for parent)
40
psychodynamic therapy
therapy deriving from psychoanalytic traditions, view individuals as responding to unconscious forces & childhood experiences and seeks to enhance self-insight
41
insight therapies
therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing persons awareness of underlying motives and defenses (humanistic & psychodynamic)
42
humanistic therapy
-aim to boost self-fulfillment by helping grow self-awareness+self-acceptance -promoting growth over curing illness, so theyre "clients" not patients -conscious > unconscious thoughts -present & futre > past
43
client centered therapy
Carl Rogers' humanistic therapy, inwhich therapist uses techniques like active listening within an Accepting, Genuine, Empathetic environmemt (AGE)
44
active listening
empathetic listening inwhich listener echoes, restates, clarifies. Feature of Roger's client centered therapy
45
unconditional positive regard
caring, accepting, nonjudgemental attitude
46
behavior therapies
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behavior
47
counterconditioning
behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors, includes *aversion therapy* and *exposure therapy*
48
exposure therapy
behavioral techniques such as *systemic desensitization* and *virtual reality exposure therapy* that treat anxieties by exposing people to their fears/avoidances
49
systemic desensitization
type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli (common treatment of phobias)
50
virtual reality exposure therapy
counterconditioning texhnique that treats anxiety through creative electronic simulations inwhich people can safely face their greatest fears
51
aversive conditioning
type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (like nausea) eith an unwanted behavior (drinking alcohol) doesnt last long bc patients know aversion was caused by therapist (cognition matters)
52
token economy
an operannt conditiong procedure inwhich people earn a token for exhibiting desired behaviors and can later exchange tokens for priviledges or treats
53
cognitive therapies
therapy that teaches people new, adaprive ways of thinking; based om the assumption that thoughts intervene between events & our emotional reactions
54
rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people's illogical self-defeating attitudes & assumptions
55
stress inoculation training
restructive thinking in stressful situations to be more optimistic
56
cognitive-behavioral therapy / CBT
popular integrative therapy that combined cognitivr therapy (changung self-defeating thoughts) and behavior therapy (change behavior) good for OCD, anxiety, depression insomnia, bipolar
57
group therapy
therapy provided in groups rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction
58
family therapy
therapy that treats people in rhe context of their family system. Views indivuals unwanted behavuors as influenced by family members
59
Effectiveness of Psychotherapy
Those not umdergoimg therapy often improve, but those undergoing therapy are more likely to improve amd less likely to relapse 80% of untreated people have poorer outcomes than the avg treated person
60
evidence based practice
clinical decision makimg that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics & preferences
61
Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessimg (EMDR)
patientd recall traumatic event while rapidly moving eyes its more effecrive than doing nothing but prob bc it acts as exposure therapy & placebo effect
62
Light Exposure Therapy
gives relief to people with depression, as effectively as CBT or antidepressants
63
therapeutic alliance
bond of trust & mutual understanding between therapist & client, who work together construcitvely to overcome client's problem
64
psychopharmacology
study of effects of drugs on mind & behavior
65
Antipsychotic drugs
drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other severe thought disorders molecules similar to dopamine, occupy dopamine receptors to decrease dopamine activity decrease responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli
66
Antianxiety drugs
-drugs used to control anxiety & agitation -depress CNS activity (dangerous eith alcohol) -can be addicitve since they provide relief from tension -withdrawal causes MORE anxiety & insomnia -used best in combination with psychotherapy
67
Antidepressant drugs
-drugs used tp treat depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD -inxrease availability of neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, serotonin) which elevate mood and are scarce in ppl eith depression -most common are SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake imhibitors)
68
mood stabilizing medications
the salt *lithium* effectively levels highs and lows of bipolar disorder
69
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
biomedical therapy for severly depressed patienrd inwhich a brief electric current is sent throufh thr brain of an anesthized patient
70
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to brain; used to stimulate or supress brain activity
71
Psychosurgery
surgery that removes/destroys brain tissue in an effort to chsnge behavior
72
lobotomy
psychosurgical procedure omce used to calm uncontrollably emotional/violent patients. Procedure cut nerves connecting frontal lobes to emotion controlling centers of inner brain
73
resilience
personal strength that helps most people cope eith stress and recover from adversity and even trauma
74
posttraumatic growth
positive psychological change as a result of struggling w extremely challenging circumstances & life crises

AP Psych (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions