Unit 7 Part 2 Flashcards
Personality
personality
an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting
psychodynamic theories of personality
theories that view personality with a focus on unconscious & importance of childhood experiences
psychoanalytical view of personality
Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts
techniques used talk therapy to treat disorders and expose and interpret unconscious tensions
unconscious
Freud: reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories
contemporary: info processing of which we are unaware
free associatin
psychoanalytical method of explaining unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial/embarassing
id
reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual needs/aggressive needs. operates on pleasure principle, demanding instant gratification
ego
largely conscious “executive” part of personality that mediates among demands of the id, superego and reality. operates n reality principle, satisfying id’s desires in realistic ways
superego
part of personality that represents internalized ideas and provides standards for judgements (conscience) and future aspirations
psychosexual stages
Freud’s childhood stages of development:
1. oral
2. anal
3. phallic
4. latency
5. genital
identification
process by which children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos
fixation
lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stages, in which conflicts were unresolved
defense mechanism
ego’s protective m methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
repression
basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, mechanisms from conscious
Alfred Adler
childhood inferiority –[strive]–> superiority, power
inferiority complex
Karen Horney
childhood anxiety –[desire]–> love, security
opposed penis envy
Electra complex
projective test
provides ambiguous images designed to trigger projections of one’s inner dynamics
thematic appreciation test TAT
projective test where ppl express their inner feelings through stories they make up from ambiguous scenes
Rorschach inkblot test
set of 20 inkblots
seeks to identify inner feelings by analyzing interpretations of inkblots
aimed to diagnose mental disorders
terror management
theory of death related anxiety
exlores emotional and behavioral responses to mentions of death
humanistic theories of personality
theories that view personality with the focus of potential for healthy personal growth
self actualization
MASLOW
one of ultimate psychological needs to fulfill one’s fullest potential
self transcendence
Maslow
highest psychological need
striving for identity, meaning, purpose beyond self
unconditional positive regard
caring, accepting, non judgemental attitude, which Carl Roger’s believed would help people develop self-awareness and self-acceptance
traits
characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act a certain way as assessed by self report, inventories and peer reports
personality inventory
questionnaire in which people respond to items designed to gauge a range of behaviors and assess personality
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
developed to identify emotional disorders
empirically derived
created by selecting from a pool of items those that discriminate between groups
Big Five Factors
Conscientiousness (organisation, care, discipline)
Agreeableness (kindness, trust, cooperation)
Neuroticism (emotional instability)
Openness
Extraversion
reciprocal determinism
interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, environment
1. different people choose different environments which then shape them
2. our personality shapes how we interact with events
3. personalities create situations where we react
self
assumed center of personality, organizer of thoughts, feelings, actions
spotlight effect
overestimating others noticing and evaluating us
self esteem
ones feelings of high or low self worth
self efficacy
ones sense of competency and effectiveness
self serving bias
readiness to perceive oneself favorably -> ppl take more responsibility for good deeds than bad and for successes than failures
narcissism
excessive self love and self absorbtion
individualism
giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals, defining one’s identity by personal attributres over group identifiers -> personal rights and liberties
collectivism
giving priority to one’s group goals and defining one’s identity accordingly -> indepence, harmony, tradition
