Unit 7 Part 1 Flashcards

Motivation, Emotion, and Stress

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Motivation

A

a need or desire that energizes & directs behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

instinct

A

complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

physiological needs

A

[a basic bodily requirement] create an aroused motivated state - a drive that pushes us to satisfy that need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

drive

A

push to meet a physiological need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

drive-reduction theory

A

idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state (drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy that need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

homeostasis

A

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state regulation of body chemistry to maintain balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

incentive

A

positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point beyond which performance decreases; moderate arousal -> optimal performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ghrelin

A

hormone secreted by empty stomach tells brain ““I’m hungry””

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Orexin

A

hunger triggering hormone secreted by hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

insulin

A

hormone secreted by pancreas controls blood glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

leptin

A

protein hormone from fat cells when abundant brain decreases hunger and increase metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PYY

A

digestive tract hormone tells brain ““I’m not hungry””

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

body’s resting rate of energy output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

obesity

A

BMI of 30 or higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

estrogens

A

sex hormones like estradiol contribute to female sex characteristics and are secreted most by females peaks during ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

refractory period

A

a resting period occurring after orgasm during which a person cannot achieve another orgasm (longer for men)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

affiliation

A

the need to belong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

affiliation need

A

need to build relationships and to feel part of a group

20
Q

ostracism

A

deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups can create activity in brain areas that perceive physical pain

21
Q

achievement motivation

A

desire for significant accomplishment

22
Q

emotion

A

a response of the whole organism involves: physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, conscious experience

23
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion arousing stimulus
stimulus -> arousal -> emotion

24
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

theory that an emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion
stimulus -> physiological response - -> experience of emotion

25
Q

Schachter-Singer Two Factor Theory

A

theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label arousal
arousal + label = emotion

26
Q

Zajonc and LeDoux’s emotion Theories

A

found 2 neural pathways for emotion Joseph LeDoux’s low road” for faster emotional reaction”

27
Q

Primary Emotions

A

Joy Excitement/Interest Surprise Sadness Anger Disgust Fear Contempt Shame Guilt

28
Q

facial feedback effect

A

tendency for facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear anger joy

29
Q

behavior feedback effect

A

tendency for behavior to influence our/others’ thoughts feelings or actions

30
Q

Stress

A

process by which we perceive and respond to certain events stressors that appraise as threatening or challenging;

31
Q

Stressors

A
  1. Catastrophes. unpredictable large scale events
  2. Significant Life Changes. crises puts ones at risk
  3. Daily Hassles & Social Stress
32
Q

Kurt Lewin’s motivational conflict theory

A

approach-approach: two attractive but incompatible goals avoidance-avoidance: two undesirable choices avoidance-approach: both attracted and repelled

33
Q

Hans Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

concept of body’s adaptive response to stress in phases:
1. alarm. SNS activated. Resources mobilized ready to fight back.
2. resistance. Arousal is still high. Adrenal glands pump hormones in blood. With time body’s reserves dwindle.
3. exhaustion. become more vulnerable to illness or in extreme cases collapse & death;

34
Q

tend and befriend response

A

under stress people (esp. women) often provide support to others and bond seek support;

35
Q

health psychology

A

subfield of psychology that provides psych’s contribution to behavioral medicine

36
Q

Stress Cause illness?

A

No. makes the body more vulnerable to disease

37
Q

Type A

A

Friedman & Rosenman’s terms for competitive

38
Q

Type B

A

term for easygoing and relaxed people

39
Q

catharsis

A

idea that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive impulses; expressing anger can amplify anger (behavior feedback effect)

40
Q

mindfulness

A

meditation reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a non-judgmental and accepting manner

41
Q

positive psychology

A

scientific study of human flourishing with the goals of discovering & promoting strengths/virtues that help individuals/communities thrive

42
Q

feel good do good phenomenon

A

people’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood ;

43
Q

subjective well being

A

self perceived happiness or satisfaction w life. used to evaluate quality of life with objective indicators.;

44
Q

Martin Seligman’s 3 Pillars

A
  1. positive wellbeing 2. positive character 3. positive groups communities cultures;
45
Q

adaptation-level phenomenon

A

tendency to form judgements (of sounds lights income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

46
Q

relative deprivation perception

A

that one is worse off relative to those whom one compares themselves