Unit 5 Part 2

Question 1

intelligence

Answer 1

ability to learn from experiences, solve problems and use knowledge to adapt to situations

Question 2

general int (g factor)

Answer 2

according to Spearman and others; underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

Question 3

factor analysis

Answer 3

statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlies general score

Question 4

L L Thurstone

Answer 4

contradicted g and found 7 primary mental abilities (word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, memory)

Question 5

Howard Gardner

Answer 5

identified 8 relatively independent intelligences (naturalistic linguistic logical-mathematical musical spatial bodily kinesthetic intrapersonal interpersonal)

Question 6

savant syndrome

Answer 6

condition where person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill

Question 7

Robert Sternberg

Answer 7

proposed 3 intelligences (analytical, creative, practical)

Question 8

grit

Answer 8

a passion and perseverance in pursuit of long term goals

Question 9

emotional intelligence

Answer 9

ability to perceive understand manage and use emotions

Question 10

intelligence test

Answer 10

a method of assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores

Question 11

achievement test

Answer 11

test designed to assess what a person has learned

Question 12

aptitude test

Answer 12

test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is CAPACITY TO LEARN

Question 13

Francis Galton

Answer 13

believed intelligence is hereditary and urged those of high ability to “mate” with each other

Question 14

Alfred Binet

Answer 14

believed all kids follow same course of intellectual development but at different rates

Question 15

mental age

Answer 15

measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; level of performance typically associated with kids of certain chronological age

Question 16

Stanford Binet test

Answer 16

widely used American revision (by Stanford’s Terman) of Binet’s intelligence test

Question 17

intelligence quotient test IQ

Answer 17

defined originally as ratio of mental age to chronological age. Now the average performance of a given age is assigned a score of 100.

Question 18

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Answer 18

most widely used intelligence tests; contains verbal and performance subtests. Scores in multiple categories allow support in difficult areas.

Question 19

standardization

Answer 19

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison w/ performance of pretested group

Question 20

Flynn effect

Answer 20

intelligence scores have risen since 1920s

Question 21

reliability

Answer 21

extent to which a test yields consistent results as assessed by consistency of scores on 2 halves of test on alternate versions and on retesting

Question 22

validity

Answer 22

extent to which a test measures/predicts what it is supposed to test

Question 23

content validity

Answer 23

extent to which test samples behavior of interest

Question 24

predictive validity

Answer 24

success to which a test predicts the behavior it’s designed to predict; its assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and criteria behavior

Question 25

cohort

Answer 25

group of people sharing a common characteristics like age

Question 26

crystallized intelligence

Answer 26

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

Question 27

fluid intelligence

Answer 27

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age especially in late adulthood

Question 28

cross sectional study

Answer 28

research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time

Question 29

longitudinal study

Answer 29

research that follows and retests the same people over time

Question 30

intellectual disability

Answer 30

condition of limited mental ability indicated by an int test score of 70 or lower and difficulty adapting to the demands of life

Question 31

down syndrome

Answer 31

condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by extra copy of 21 chromosome

Question 32

stereotype threat

Answer 32

a self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype