Unit 5 Part 2 Flashcards
Intelligence Theories and Testing Intelligence
intelligence
ability to learn from experiences, solve problems and use knowledge to adapt to situations
general int (g factor)
according to Spearman and others; underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
factor analysis
statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlies general score
L L Thurstone
contradicted g and found 7 primary mental abilities (word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, memory)
Howard Gardner
identified 8 relatively independent intelligences (naturalistic linguistic logical-mathematical musical spatial bodily kinesthetic intrapersonal interpersonal)
savant syndrome
condition where person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill
Robert Sternberg
proposed 3 intelligences (analytical, creative, practical)
grit
a passion and perseverance in pursuit of long term goals
emotional intelligence
ability to perceive understand manage and use emotions
intelligence test
a method of assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores
achievement test
test designed to assess what a person has learned
aptitude test
test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is CAPACITY TO LEARN
Francis Galton
believed intelligence is hereditary and urged those of high ability to “mate” with each other
Alfred Binet
believed all kids follow same course of intellectual development but at different rates
mental age
measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; level of performance typically associated with kids of certain chronological age
Stanford Binet test
widely used American revision (by Stanford’s Terman) of Binet’s intelligence test
intelligence quotient test IQ
defined originally as ratio of mental age to chronological age. Now the average performance of a given age is assigned a score of 100.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
most widely used intelligence tests; contains verbal and performance subtests. Scores in multiple categories allow support in difficult areas.
standardization
defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison w/ performance of pretested group
Flynn effect
intelligence scores have risen since 1920s
reliability
extent to which a test yields consistent results as assessed by consistency of scores on 2 halves of test on alternate versions and on retesting
validity
extent to which a test measures/predicts what it is supposed to test
content validity
extent to which test samples behavior of interest
predictive validity
success to which a test predicts the behavior it’s designed to predict; its assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and criteria behavior
cohort
group of people sharing a common characteristics like age
crystallized intelligence
our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
fluid intelligence
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age especially in late adulthood
cross sectional study
research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time
longitudinal study
research that follows and retests the same people over time
intellectual disability
condition of limited mental ability indicated by an int test score of 70 or lower and difficulty adapting to the demands of life
down syndrome
condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by extra copy of 21 chromosome
stereotype threat
a self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
