Unit 8 Flashcards
disparities in the academic accomplishments of different kinds of students
achievement gaps
a form of bias in which adult characteristics are attributed to children
adultification
widespread and enduring practices that persistently disadvantage some kinds of people while advantaging others
institutional discrimination
A woman can become caught in a bind where, no matter what she chooses to think, say, or do, a bar puts difficulties in her path
oppression as a bird cage
prejudice against and discrimination toward people with dark skin compared to those with light skin, regardless of race
colorism
residential segregation so extreme that many people’s daily lives involve little or no contact with people of other races
hypersegregation
a disadvantage that builds over time
cumulative disadvantage
advantage that builds over time
cumulative advantage
advantage and disadvantage that is passed from parents to children
intergenerational advantage
an extremely high rate of imprisonment in cross-cultural and historical perspective
mass incarceration
a disadvantage that carries across generations
intergenerational disadvantage
an extremely high rate of deportation in cross-cultural and historical perspective
mass deportation
the practice of exposing racial and ethnic minorities to more toxins and pollutants than White people
environmental racism
“Not in My Back Yard,” a term originating in the United States to describe the arguments of those opposing development in their vicinity while not necessarily against similar development elsewhere.
NIMBY politics
a society where jobs and pay are allocated based on an individual’s talent and achievements rather than social status.
meritocracy
a research method in which data are layered onto a landscape divided into finegrained segments
spatial analysis
a term that refers to a society’s production of unjust outcomes for some racial or ethnic groups
racism
the sorting of different types of people into separate neighborhoods
residential segregation
a practice of refusing loans to or steeply overcharging anyone buying in poor and minority neighborhoods
redlining
contractual agreements that forbids the purchase, lease, or occupation of a piece of property by a particular group of people, usually African Americans
restrictive covenants
places that lack beneficial or critical amenities
resource deserts
unequal distribution of academic resources, including but not limited to school funding, qualified and experienced teachers, books, and technologies, to socially excluded communities
school inequality
a practice of disciplining and punishing children and youth in school that routes them out of education and into the criminal justice system
school-to-prison pipeline
an illegal practice of trying to induce members of a specific race to purchase property in neighborhoods that are composed primarily of their same race
steering
institutional discrimination that injures the body and mind
structural violence
the practice of placing students in different classrooms according to their perceived ability
tracking
a phenomenon in which white people start leaving a neighborhood when minority residents begin to move in
White flight
a phenomenon in which people are positively or negatively served across multiple institutions
cross-institutional advantage and disadvantage
