Unit 3

Question 1

a law limiting legal recognition of American Indians to those who have at least a certain level of documented indigenous ancestry

Answer 1

blood quantum rule

Question 2

people who are assigned male at birth who identify as men, as well as people assigned female at birth who identify as female

Answer 2

cisgender

Question 3

a research method that uses computers to extract and analyze data

Answer 3

computational sociology

Question 4

spending elaborately on items and services with the sole purpose of displaying one’s wealth

Answer 4

conspicuous consumption

Question 5

the use of wages to purchase goods and services

Answer 5

consumption

Question 6

a research method that involves counting and describing patterns in media

Answer 6

content analysis

Question 7

pervasive negative stereotypes that serve to justify or uphold inequality

Answer 7

controlling images

Question 8

active efforts to affirm identity categories and place ourselves and others into their categories

Answer 8

distinction

Question 9

the active performance of social identities

Answer 9

doing identity

Question 10

an identity based on collective memories of a shared history and distinctive

Answer 10

ethnicity

Question 11

the ideas, traits, interests, and skills that we associate with being biologically male or female

Answer 11

gender

Question 12

the idea that people come in two and only two types, males who are masculine, and females who are feminine

Answer 12

gender binary

Question 13

the recognition that our lives are shaped by multiple interacting identities

Answer 13

intersectionality

Question 14

preferential treatment of members of our own group and mistreatment of others

Answer 14

in-group bias

Question 15

people with physical characteristics typical of both people assigned male and and people assigned female at birth

Answer 15

intersex

Question 16

the tendency of people to form groups and actively distinguish themselves from others for the most trivial of reasons

Answer 16

minimal group paradigm

Question 17

people who identify as both man and woman or neither man nor woman

Answer 17

nonbinary

Question 18

the idea that anyone with any trace of black ancestry should be considered black

Answer 18

one-drop rule

Question 19

the claim that members of our own group are superior to members of other groups

Answer 19

positive distinction

Question 20

attitudinal bias against individuals based on their membership in a social group

Answer 20

prejudice

Question 21

a noneconomic good given to one group as a measure of superiority over other groups

Answer 21

psychological wage

Question 22

a socially meaningful set of artificial distinctions falsely based on superficial and imagined biological differences

Answer 22

race

Question 23

a reference to physical traits related to sexual reproduction

Answer 23

sex

Question 24

people who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or otherwise non-heterosexual

Answer 24

sexual minorities

Question 25

the socially constructed categories and subcategories of people in which we place ourselves or are treated by others

Answer 25

social identities

Question 26

the idea that people are inclined to form social groups incorporate group membership into their identity, take steps to enforce group boundaries

Answer 26

social identity theory

Question 27

high or low esteem

Answer 27

status

Question 28

clusters of ideas attached by social convention to people with specific social identities

Answer 28

stereotype