Unit 5

Question 1

widespread normlessness or a weakening of or alienation from social rules

Answer 1

anomie

Question 2

a society’s shared understanding of right or wrong

Answer 2

collective conscience

Question 3

a condition in which 40 percent or more of the residents in an area live below the federal poverty line

Answer 3

concentrated poverty

Question 4

when we attempt to shift the blame away from us and instead focus on those who condemn us

Answer 4

condemnation of the condemners

Question 4

the ideas that societies aren’t characterized by shared interests but competing ones

Answer 4

conflict theory

Question 5

compliance with standards, rules, or laws

Answer 5

conformity

Question 5

the process by which behaviors and individuals are transformed into crime and criminals”. Previously legal acts may be transformed into crimes by legislation

Answer 5

criminalization

Question 6

occurs when an individual recognizes that their behavior is unacceptable

Answer 6

denial of injury

Question 7

We acknowledge doing the behavior considered wrong, but we claim that we had no choice—that we had to do or we were forced to do so

Answer 7

denial of responsibility

Question 8

when an individual causes harm to another but believe that person deserved it.

Answer 8

denial of the victim

Question 9

a term used to describe data that are applicable

Answer 9

generalizable

Question 9

behaviors and beliefs that violate social expectations and attract negative sanctions

Answer 9

deviance

Question 10

the idea that we need to be recruited into and taught criminal behavior by people in our social networks.

Answer 10

differential association theory

Question 11

sociological analysis based on historical data sources

Answer 11

historical sociology

Answer 11

innovation

Question 11

the process in which conditions and behaviors are labeled and treated as medical issues

Answer 11

medicalization

Question 11

the process of assigning a deviant identity to an individual

Answer 11

labeling

Question 11

a theory about how labels that are applied to us influence our behavior

Answer 11

labeling theory

Question 12

the instance of deviance that first attracts a deviant label

Answer 12

primary deviance

Question 12

an individual rejecting socially acceptable goals and means while replacing them with socially unacceptable goals and means

Answer 12

rebellion

Question 12

the idea that deviance is facilitated by the development of culturally resonant rationales for rule-breaking

Answer 12

neutralization theory

Question 12

when someone rejects the traditional goals of the larger societal culture but accepts the means by which the goals are achieved

Answer 12

ritualism

Question 13

the tendency of some people to withdraw from the society of which they are a part, rejecting both the goals and the means of achieving those goals

Answer 13

retreatism

Question 14

the subset of the population from which data will be populated

Answer 14

sample

Question 15

further instances of deviance prompted by the receipt of the deviant label

Answer 15

secondary deviance

Question 16

the idea that deviance is more common in dysfunctional neighborhoods

Answer 16

social disorganization theory

Question 17

the range of life structure and reliable routine that is protective against further situational hazards and helps maintain connections with social resources and societal expectations

Answer 17

social stability

Question 17

a condition in which wealth power and prestige are most readily available to people with privileged social identities

Answer 17

social inequality

Question 18

an attribute, behavior, or reputation which is socially discrediting in a particular way: it causes an individual to be mentally classified by others in an undesirable, rejected stereotype rather than in an accepted, normal one.

Answer 18

stigmatization

Question 19

the idea that deviance is caused by a tension between widely valued goals and peoples ability to attain them.

Answer 19

strain theory

Question 20

a research method that involves inviting individuals to complete a questionnaire designed to collect analyzable data

Answer 20

survey

Question 20

a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status during his occupation.

Answer 20

white collar crime