Unit 2 Flashcards
tools of sociological research inquiry that investigate relationships between sociological variables and biological ones
Biosocial research methods
the practice of noting the differences between cultures without passing judgement
Cultural relativism
able to understand and navigate our cultures with ease
Culturally competent
process through which we absorb and interpret the influences, norms, and messaging from our environment and translate them into what we believe to be acceptable behaviors
Culturally conditioned
Culture
anything tangible or intellectual that is created by humans and provides information about the culture of the person or people who created it
Cultural objects
the mental and symbol elements of culture, such as norms, expectations, beliefs about reality, and how reality is framed through a cultural lens
Cultural cognitions
the manifestation of a culture or sub-culture, especially in regard to the traditional and customary practices of a particular ethnic or other cultural groups
Cultural practices
when a person becomes aware of the differences and/or conflicts in values and customs between their home culture and the new culture they are in.
Culture shock
the idea that we’re socialized to know a set of culturally specific arguments with which we can justify why we feel something is right or wrong
Culture-as-rationale thesis
the idea that we’re socialized into culturally specific moralities that guide our feelings about right and wrong
Culture-as-value thesis
the ability of an organization to manage and leverage its whole culture to support its goals and objectives
Cultured capacities
Bodies formed by what we do to and with them
Cultured physiques
explains how human behavior is a product of two different and interacting evolutionary processes: genetic evolution and cultural evolution
Dual inheritance theory
physically present and detectable in the body itself
Embodied
the practice of assuming that one’s own culture is superior to the cultures of others
Ethnocentrism
active efforts by others to help us become culturally competent members of our cultures
Interpersonal socialization
our tendency to connect with others who are similar to us
Homophily
mediated communication intended to reach out not just one or a handful of people but many
Mass media
the process of learning how to be culturally competent through our exposure to media
Media socialization
shared expectations for behavior
Norms
active efforts we make to ensure we’re culturally competent members of our cultures
Self-socialization
an influential and shared interpretation of reality that will vary across space and time
Social construct
the process by which we layer objects with ideas, fold concepts into one another, and build connections between them.
Social construction
regards gender identity and roles as a set of behaviors that are learned from the environment
Social learning
a research method that involves the mapping of social ties and the exchanges between them
Social network analysis
social networks mediated by the internet
Social media
webs of ties that link us to each other and, through other peoples ties, to people to whom we’re not directly linked
Social networks
the connections between us and other people
Social ties
the lifelong process by which we become members of our cultures
Socialization
subgroups within societies that have distinct cultural ideas, objects, practices, and bodies.
Subcultures
a constellation of social constructs connected and opposed to one another in overlapping networks of meaning
Symbolic Structure
