unit 8 Flashcards
Main hormone product of the testes:
Testosterone
Main hormone product of the ovaries:
Estradiol
Progesterone
The exception to negative feedback of gonadal steroids at the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
Sustained high levels of estradiol trigger a surge of LH/FSH
Cholesterol- _____ - ______ - _______ - DHT
Progesterone
Adione
Testosterones
Why are the testes away from the body?
Sperm needs to be 2-3 degrees less warm than the body temperature
What is the condition when testes fail to descend?
cryptorchidism
Where is the epididymis located?
Above the testes
The journey of sperm from the testes
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicle
urethra
___ cells are located in the interstitium of the seminiferous tubules, the ____ cells are located in the tubule
Leydig
Sertoli
Leydig cells make ______
Androgens (testosterone)
Sertoli cells ______ spermatogenesis
Coordinate
Spermatogonia cells are ____
Mitotic
When spermatogonia cells enter meiosis they are called _____ in meiosis 1, _____ in meiosis 2 and _____ when they have completed meiosis but not remodeling
Primary spermatocyte
Secondary spermatocyte
spermatid
Primordial follicles have three parts:
Oocyte surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cell precursors covered in basal lamina
A primary follicle has an enlarged _____ and the granulosa cells ___________
Oocyte
Begin to divide but are still SINGLE LAYER
Secondary follicles develop ____; a layer of cells outside the _________
Theca
Basal lamina
The corpus luteum is formed from the ________
Ruptured follicle
Primordial follicle - ________ - _________ - _________ - _______ - ________
Primary follicle
Secondary follicle
Mature follicle
Ovulated oocyte
Corpus luteum
The surge of _____ causes ovulation
LH
The rise of estrogen concentration occurs in the _____ phase
Proliferative
sustained high levels of _____ cause surge of ___
estrogen
LH hormone
The corpus luteum secretes mainly ______ and some _____ during the _____ phase of the cycle
Progesterone
estrogen
Secretory
High levels of progesterone and estrogen cause _________ feedback with growth hormones LH and FSH
Highly negative
The commitment to male or female gonad is regulated by ____ (___________) which is expressed by ______
Sry
Master transcription factor
Pre-Sertoli cells
When someone lacks Sry they will have ______ gonads
Female
The duct work of gamete transportation IN MALES is regulated by _________ from _______ that act on the ________ duct and ___________ from _______ which causes regression of _________ duct
Testosterone
Leydig cells
wollfian
Anti-mullerian hormone
Sertoli cells
Mullerian
The duct work of gamete transportation IN FEMALES is regulated by ______________
Lack of testosterone or anti-mullerian hormone, default to female
What is the signal to form external female genitalia?
Absence of a signal
The signal to form MALE external genitalia is ______ from ____ cells which must be in the ____ form
Testosterone
Leydig
DHT
Individuals that lack the 5a-reductase will prevent ____________ because _______
Formation of male external genitalia
Testosterone cannot convert to DHT
If a male has loss of function for androgen receptors what will happen?
No testes decent
No wollfian ducts
Mullerian ducts retained
Stretch of vaginal canal causes signaling through the _____ which causes release of _____ which then stimulates ________
CNS
oxytocin
Uterine contractions
The parturition has a positive feedback reflex involving _________from the ___________
Oxytocin
Posterior pituitary
During the parturition there will be cervical _______, rhythmic __________, _____ of baby, _______ of the placenta
Softening
Uterine contractions
Delivery
Expulsion
Trophectoderm will give rise to ________
Extra-embryonic membranes
Inner cell mass will give rise to ___________
Embryo proper
The first differentiated cell types in mammalian embryos are:
Inner cell mass
Trophectoderm
Fertilization of the egg occurs in the ________
Fallopian tube (ova duct)
If a male has loss of function for androgen receptors what will happen?
No testes decent
No wollfian ducts
Mullerian ducts retained
Individuals that lack the 5a-reductase will prevent ____________ because _______
Formation of male external genitalia
Testosterone cannot convert to DHT
The signal to form MALE external genitalia is ______ from ____ cells which must be in the ____ form
Testosterone
Leydig
DHT
What is the signal to form external female genitalia?
Absence of a signal
The duct work of gamete transportation IN FEMALES is regulated by ______________
Lack of testosterone or anti-mullerian hormone, default to female
The duct work of gamete transportation IN MALES is regulated by _________ from _______ that act on the ________ duct and ___________ from _______ which causes regression of _________ duct
Testosterone
Leydig cells
wollfian
Anti-mullerian hormone
Sertoli cells
Mullerian
When someone lacks Sry they will have ______ gonads
Female
The commitment to male or female gonad is regulated by ____ (___________) which is expressed by ______
Sry
Master transcription factor
Pre-Sertoli cells
