Unit 1: review Flashcards
Define Physiology
the science of the FUNCTION of living systems
Function vs Process?
function: why
Process: how
The 7 steps in the response loop
stimulus, sensor, input signal, integrating center, output signal, target, response
feedforward control ______ change
anticipates
cells that respond to signals are
target cells
which feedback mechanism is not homeostatic?
positive feedback
what are the 3 forms of long range cell-cell comunication?
endocrine, neural, neuro endocrine
lipophilic ligands interact with ______ receptor to produce a _____ response
intracellular, slower
water soluble ligands interact with ______ receptor to produce a _____ response
surface, faster
4 types of membrane receptors
ion channel, enzyme coupled receptor, G protein coupled receptor (GPCR), integrin receptor
what are the two types of second messenger molecules?
protein kinases, Ca 2+
cells can change their response to signals by changing _____ or _____
receptor number, sensitivity
molecule that activates the receptor but is not the native ligand
agonist
molecule that binds to the active site but does not activate
antagonist
GPCR is active when bound to ______ which _____ affinity to the beta gamma subunits
GTP, decreases
Cannon’s 4 postulates
- nervous system has role in maintaining fitness of internal environment
- some systems under tonic control
- some systems under antagonistic control
- one chemical signal can have different effects in different tissues
tonic control regulates parameters in a _______
up and down fashion
antagonistic control is characterized by
some neurons speeding up process and some neurons slowing down processes
cholera toxins _____ GTP ______
blocks
hydrolysis
a cell effected by cholera toxin will produce high levels of ______
cAMP
