Unit 7a

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

Persistence of learning over time through storage and retrieval of information

Question 2

Encoding

Answer 2

Processing of information into the memory system

Question 3

Storage

Answer 3

The retention of encoded information over time

Question 4

Retrieval

Answer 4

Process of getting information out of memory storage

Question 5

Sensory memory

Answer 5

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information

Question 6

Short term memory

Answer 6

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly

Question 7

Long term memory

Answer 7

Relatively permanent and limitless storage

Question 8

Working memory

Answer 8

Focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information

Question 9

Parallel processing

Answer 9

Processing of may aspects of a problem simultaneously, the brain’s natural mode of information processing

Question 10

Automatic processing

Answer 10

Unconscious encoding of incidental information

Question 11

Effortfull processing

Answer 11

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Question 12

Rehearsal

Answer 12

The conscious repetition of information

Question 13

Spacing effect

Answer 13

Tenancy to recall best the last and first terms in a list

Question 14

Visual encoding

Answer 14

Encoding of picture images

Question 15

Acoustic encoding

Answer 15

The encoding of sound

Question 16

Semantic encoding

Answer 16

Encoding of meaning, especially words

Question 17

Imagery

Answer 17

Mental pictures, powerful when with semantic processing

Question 18

Mnemonic

Answer 18

Memory aid, especially those that use vivid imagery

Question 19

Chunking

Answer 19

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units

Question 20

Iconic memory

Answer 20

Momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli

Question 21

Echoic memory

Answer 21

Momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

Question 22

Long term potentiation

Answer 22

Increase in a synapse’s firing potential after brief rapid stimulation, neural bases for leaning and memory

Question 23

Flashbulb memory

Answer 23

Clear memory of an emotionally significant moment

Question 24

Amnesia

Answer 24

Loss of memory

Question 25

Implicit memory

Answer 25

Retention independent of conscious recollection

Question 26

Explicit memory

Answer 26

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know

Question 27

Hippocampus

Answer 27

Helps process explicit memories for storage

Question 28

Recall

Answer 28

Measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information leaned earlier

Question 29

Recognition

Answer 29

Person needs to identify items previously leaned

Question 30

Relearning

Answer 30

The amount of time saved when learning material for a second time

Question 31

Priming

Answer 31

Activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory

Question 32

Deja vu

Answer 32

Cues from a current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of earlier experience

Question 33

Mood congruent memory

Answer 33

Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood

Question 34

Proactive interference

Answer 34

The disruptive effect of new leaning on recall of old information

Question 35

Repression

Answer 35

Defense mechanism that banishes anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

Question 36

Misinformation effect

Answer 36

Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory

Question 37

Source amnesia

Answer 37

Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined