Unit 4

Question 1

Prosopagnosia

Answer 1

Face blindnes

Question 2

Bottom up processing

Answer 2

Sensory analysis that starts at the entry level

Question 3

Top down processing

Answer 3

Construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations

Question 4

Selective attention

Answer 4

Conscious awareness focuses one particular thing

Question 5

Cocktail party effect

Answer 5

The ability to attend to only one voice among many others

Question 6

Inattentional blindnes

Answer 6

When a viewer’s attention was directed elsewhere, they missed otherwise obvious objects

Question 7

Change blindness

Answer 7

When an object changes, but viewers fail to notice

Question 8

Popout stimuli

Answer 8

Stimuli that draws our eye and demands our attention

Question 9

Absolute threshold

Answer 9

The minimum stimulation necessary to detect a particular light, sound, pressure, taste or odor 50% of the time

Question 10

Signal detection theory

Answer 10

Predicts when we will detect weak signals amid background stimulation

Question 11

Subliminal

Answer 11

Below threshold

Question 12

Priming

Answer 12

Predisposing one’s experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness

Question 13

Difference threshold

Answer 13

Minimum difference a person can detect between two stimuli 50% of the time

Question 14

Weber’s law

Answer 14

For a difference to e perceptible, two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion

Question 15

Sensory adaptation

Answer 15

Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

Question 16

Transduce

Answer 16

Transform

Question 17

Wavelength

Answer 17

The distance from one wave peak to another

Question 18

Hue

Answer 18

The color we experience

Question 19

Intensity

Answer 19

The amount of energy in light waves

Question 20

Pupil

Answer 20

Small adjustable opening surrounded by the iris

Question 21

Iris

Answer 21

A colored muscle that adjusts light intake

Question 22

Lens

Answer 22

Focuses incoming light rays into an image on the retina

Question 23

Retina

Answer 23

Multi-layered tissue on the eyeballs sensitive surfaces

Sends light energy into neural impulses and forwards those to the brain

Question 24

Accomodation

Answer 24

Lens focuses rays by changing its curvature

Question 25

Rods

Answer 25

Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray

Question 26

Cones

Answer 26

Detect fine detail, functions in daylight or well lit conditions

Question 27

Optic nerve

Answer 27

Carries neural impulses from eye to brain

Question 28

Blindspot

Answer 28

Where the optic nerve leaves the eye

Question 29

Fovea

Answer 29

Retina's area of central focus, cones cluster here

Question 30

Bipolar cells

Answer 30

Cones highway to the visual cortex

Question 31

Statistics on Cones and Rods

Answer 31

``` Cones 6 million centers Low dim light High color sensitivity High detail Rods 120 million Periphery High dim light low color sensitivity low detail ```

Question 32

Feature decectors

Answer 32

Nerve cells that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement

Question 33

Parallel processing

Answer 33

Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously

Question 34

Trichromatic theory

Answer 34

Retina contains three different color receptors | Green, green, and blue

Question 35

Opponent process theory

Answer 35

Opposing retinal processes enable retinal process

Question 36

Audition

Answer 36

Sense or act of hearing

Question 37

Middle Ear

Answer 37

Chamber contain the hammer, anvil, and stirrup that concentrate vibrations

Question 38

Inner Ear

Answer 38

Innermost part of the ear containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibluar sacs

Question 39

Place theory

Answer 39

Links pitch with eh place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated

Question 40

Frequency theory

Answer 40

The rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tune, enabling us to sense pitch

Question 41

Conduction hearing loss

Answer 41

Caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea

Question 42

Sensorlineural hearing loss

Answer 42

Caused by damage to the cochleas receptor cells or auditory nerve Nerve deafness

Question 43

Cochlear implant

Answer 43

Device that converts sounds into electrical signals and stimulates the auditory nerve through electrodes

Question 44

Kinesthesis

Answer 44

System for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

Question 45

Vestibular sense

Answer 45

Sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance

Question 46

Gate control theory

Answer 46

Spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks or allows pain signals to pass

Question 47

Unami

Answer 47

Savory meat taste, proteins to grow and repair tissue

Question 48

Sweet

Answer 48

Energy source

Question 49

Salty

Answer 49

Sodium essential to physiological processes

Question 50

Sour

Answer 50

Potentially toxic acid

Question 51

Bitter

Answer 51

Potential poisons

Question 52

Sensory interaction

Answer 52

One sense may influence another

Question 53

Gestalt

Answer 53

Emphasize our tendencies to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

Question 54

Figure ground

Answer 54

Organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from surroundings

Question 55

Monocular cues

Answer 55

Depth cues, linear perceptive from one eye alone

Question 56

Phi phenomenon

Answer 56

Illusion of movement when two or more adjacent lines blink on and off in quick succession

Question 57

Perceptual adaptation

Answer 57

Ability to adjust to an artificially displaced field

Question 58

ESP

Answer 58

Claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input

Question 59

Parapsychology

Answer 59

Study of paranormal phenomena