Theories Flashcards
Weber’s law
Just noticeable difference
Young Helmholtz Color Theory
(trichromatic theory) color determined by the relative activity in red, blue, or green sensitive cones
Opponent Process Color Theory
Color information is organized into 3 antagonistic pairs
Place Theory
Relates perceived pitch to region
Frequency Theory
Related pitch to the frequency of sound waves and frequency of neuron firing
Facial Feedback hypothesis
Sensations from the face provide cues to the brain that help us determine what emotion we are feeling
Statistical Significance
.05 chance accounts for results less then 5% of the time
Template Matching Theory
Stored copies
Prototype Matching Theory
recognition involves comparison
Feature Analysis Theory
patterns are represented and recognized by distinctive features
Restorative Theory
We sleep in order to replenish
Adaptive Nonresponding Theory
Sleep and inactivity have survived value
Activation Synthesis hypothesis
Dreams are products of spontaneous neural activity
Thorndike’s Law of effect
Reward and punishment encourages and discourages responding
Premack principle
States that any high probability behavior can be used as a reward for any lower probability behavior
Continuity vs. Discontinuity
Theories of development, nature vs. nurture
Serial position phenomenon
Sequence influences recall
Primacy effect
Enhanced memory for items presented earlier
Recency effect
Enhanced memory for items presented last
Decay theory
Forgetting caused by learning similar materials proactive;initially Retroactive;previously
Linguistic relativity hypothesis
Person’s language determines and limits a persons experiences
Hull’s drive
Reduction model motivation arises out of need
Cognitive consistency theory
Cognitive inconsistencies create tension and thus motivate the organism
Festinger’s Cognitive dissonance theory
Reconcile cognitive discrepancies
