Unit 5 Flashcards
Circadian rhythm
An inborn 24-hour biological clock
Consciousness
Our awareness of ourselves and our environment
Stage 1
Very brief
Alpha waves
Awake, but very relaxed
Breathing is slow
Stage 2
About 20 minutes
Sleep spindles
Appear as very rapid, close flickers when graphed by an EEG
K-complex
Distinctly large and lazy flicker on the graph
Stage 3
Transitional stage
Delta waves
Stage 4
About 30 minutes
Deep sleep
More delta waves than stage 3
REM sleep
About 10 minutes Occurs about every 90 minutes Brain is the most active brain waves like being awake Pulse increases Rapid breathing Brain blocks messages to the motor cortex Brings on dreams
Sleep theory
Protects
Safer at night while asleep
Sleep theory
Helps us recuperate
Sleep helps cleanse free radicals from our brains by giving neurons a time to rest
Sleep theory
Makes for memories
Enables our brain to sort things into their proper spots
Sleep theory
Can fuel creativity
Ideas come while asleep or dreaming
Many great ideas come just after a good night’s sleep
Sleep theory
Helps with growth
The pituitary gland secretes a growth hormone while sleeping
Free radicals
Toxins created from brain activity
Insomnia
Persistent inability to sleep or to fall asleep
Narcolepsy
When the person simply falls asleep suddenly
Sleep apnea
The person stops breathing at night, awakens, then breathes again
Night terrors
Pulse and breathing may double
The person may seem terrified
Manifest content
What we experience in our dreams
Latent content
Our subconscious drives would be problematic if acted out in real life
Posthypnotic suggestion
Trying to get a person to respond after hypnosis
Can hypnosis be therapeutic?
Yes
Can hypnosis reduce pain?
Yes
Can hypnosis force you do something you don’t want to do?
No
Can anyone experience hypnosis?
Most people can to some degree
About 20% are highly suggestible
Social influence theory
Person being hypnotized is playing the role of a hypnotized person
Divided consciousness theory
Centers on the concept of dissociation
Dissociation
We have split layers of consciousness
Tolerance
A larger dose is required to get the same effect from a drug
Withdrawal
Physical pain and strong cravings
Addiction
a compulsive craving despite consequences to use. Physical symptoms often accompany an addiction
Depressants
slow down the body
Alcohol
Barbiturates
Opiates
Alcohol
lowers inhibitions slows processing speed disrupts memory and impairs judgment impacted by the person’s expectations correlates with risky sex cuts self-awareness and self-control
Barbiturates
cause impaired memory, judgment, or death
Opiates
Creates sluggishness
Morphine
Codeine
Heroin
Inhibition
Common sense
Stimulants
Speeds up the body Methamphetamine Caffeine Nicotine Cocaine MDMA Hallucinogens
MDMA
Ecstacy
Both a stimulant and a mild hallucinogen
Serotonin production can be permanently damaged
Release of dopamine
Releases serotonin and blocks its reuptake
Hallucinogens
Create perception without sensory input
LSD
Marijuana
Methamphetamine
Highly addictive and very dangerous
Release of dopamine,
Can permanently drop your natural dopamine levels
Caffeine
World’s most common psychoactive drug
Lasts about 3-4 hours
Withdrawal symptoms of fatigue and headaches
Nicotine
As addictive as heroin or cocaine
Triggers epinephrine and norepinephrine
Withdrawal includes cravings, insomnia, anxiety, and crankiness
Cocaine
Produces a fast (but short) high
Followed by depression.
Rush of dopamine, serotonin, and epinephrine
Reuptake is blocked by the cocaine
