Unit 7 Drugs ! Flashcards
what is the mechanism of action for antacids
neutralizes the acidity of stomach and duodenal contents !
what do you use antacids for
heartburn
acid indigestion
peptic ulcers
GERD
what are some examples of antacids
magnesium oxide
sodium bicarbonate
aluminum hydroxide
calcium carbonate
what are the adverse drug reaction for each antacid medications for this unit
calcium carbonate/aluminum hydroxide: constipation and kidney stones !
magnesium hydroxide: diarrhea !
sodium bicarb: systemic alkalosis !
what are some contraindications of antacids?
severe abdominal pain of unknown cause !
renal failure (magnesium) !
sodium (heart failure)
calcium (renal stones; hypercalcemia)
many interactions !
nursing considerations of antacids
- wait 1-2 hours before taking other meds !
- caution in cardiac clients
- caution with electrolyte imbalances
- watch out for hydration status, water intake
- assess gi function and bowel pattern !
what is the mechanism of action of histamine h2 antagonists
inhibits the action of histamine at h2 receptors sites
- reduces production of hydrochloric acid !
what is the histamine h2 antagonist of this unit
famotidine
what do you use famotidine (h2 antagonist) for? adverse reactions?
gi bleeding
heartburn !
peptic ulcer
duodenal ulcer
Adeverse reactions: confusion !
what is the mechanism of action of PPI (proton pump inhibitors)
suppress gastric acid secretions !
what is the proton pump inhibitor of this unit
omeprazole
what do you use proton pump inhibitors used for
esp. H. pylori infections !
what are the expected outcomes of PPI drugs
absence of heartburn
absence of acid reflux
absence of gastroesophageal reflux
what is the mechanism of action of gastrointestinal stimulants
increases gastrointestinal tract motility !
what is the gi stimulant of this unit
metoclopramide
what do you use gi stimulants used for
nausea and vomiting
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- gastric stasis
what are some contraindications/consideration of gi stimulants?
do not give with gi obstruction
do not give with gastric perforation
long term cause extrapyramidal symptoms
what are some s/s of extrapyramidal
pseudo parkinsonism ( tremors, stooped posture, shuffling gait, rigidity)
acute dystonia (facial grimace, upward eye movement, muscle spasms)
what is the mechanism of action of antiemetics
decrease nausea and vomiting
what are the antiemetics of this unit
promethazine and ondansetron
what do you use antiemetics for
nausea and vomiting
what are the adverse drug reactions of antiemetics
CNS depression (drowsiness and sedation)
hypotension
respiratory depression
what are some patient teachings of antiemetics
- avoid use together with other CNS depression
- avoid doing activities requiring alertness
- caution when given to n/v of unknown cause
what is the adverse reaction of famotidine
confusion !
what is the adverse reactions of PPI
diarrhea/C-diff !
osteoporosis (fractures) !
nursing management/teachings for PPI
h. pylori treatment !
long term use d/t decreased b12 absorption !
take on empty stomach !
what are the adverse reactions of metoclopramide
drowsiness
pseudo-parkinsonism
