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Pharmacology > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the mechanism of action of epinephrine?

A
  • stimulates the SNS to divert blood to vital organs !
  • effect based on target receptor : beta-1 heart (increases cardiac output) beta-2 lungs (bronchial dilation)
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2
Q

what drug class is epinephrine?

A

adrenergic

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3
Q

what do you use epinephrine for?

A
  • shock !
  • allergic reactions !
  • respiratory distress
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4
Q

what are some adverse reactions of epinephrine?

A
  • anxiety !
  • sweating
  • headaches
  • tachycardia/htn !
  • palpitations, arrhythmias, and oliguria !
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5
Q

what are some interventions and patient teachings of epinephrine?

A
  • monitor v/s, ECG !
  • EpiPen administration !
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6
Q

what are some contraindications of epinenphrine?

A

cardiac disease !

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7
Q

what drug class is atenolol and propranolol

A

adrenergic blockers

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8
Q

what is the mechanism action of atenolol and propranolol

A

blocks stimulation of beta 1 receptors !
- decreases HR/BP !

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9
Q

what do you use atenolol and propranolol for

A
  • hypertension !
  • arrhythmias !
  • migraines
  • angina !
  • heart failure
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10
Q

what are some adverse reactions of atenolol and propranolol

A
  • orthostatic hypotension !
  • bradycardia, bronchospasms !
  • dizziness/fatigue !
  • sexual dysfunction !
  • headaches
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11
Q

what are some nursing interventions for atenolol and propranolol

A
  • assess bp and hr before and after medication !
  • safety !
  • ECG !
  • i/o’s
  • hold if bp less than 60 bpm or if sbp is less than 90 !
  • change positions slowly !
  • avoid OTC decongestants !
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12
Q

contraindications of atenolol and propranolol

A
  • bradycardia, hypotension !
    propranolol : asthma !
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13
Q

what drug class is atorvastatin and simvastatin

A

anti-hyperlipidemic

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14
Q

what is the mechanism of action for atorvastatin and simvastatin

A

inhibit the production of cholesterol in the liver and promote breakdown

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15
Q

what do you use atorvastatin and simvastatin for

A

increased cholestrol

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16
Q

what are some adverse reactions of atorvastatin and simvastatin

A
  • abdominal pain/ cramping !
  • constipation
  • bleeding !
  • muscle pain, hepatotoxicity, rhabdomyolysis !
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17
Q

what are some nursing interventions/ teachings for atorvastatin and simvastatin

A

monitor cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL/HDL !
- no grapefruit juice, notify provider of muscle pain !
- s/s of liver failure - jaundice, GI pain, N/V, yellowing sclera, fatigue

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18
Q

contraindications of atorvastatin and simvastatin

A
  • liver disease, pregnancy !
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19
Q

what drug class is lisinopril in?

A

ACE inhibitor
(antihypertensive)

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20
Q

what drug class is amlodipine ?

A

calcium channel blocker
(antihypertensive)

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21
Q

what drug class is atenolol and metoprolol

A

beta blocker
(antihypertensive)

22
Q

what is the mechanism of action for lisinopril ?

A

blocks conversion of angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2
- blocks fluid retention
- blocks vessel constriction

23
Q

what is the mechanism of action for amlodipine ?

A
  • blocks calcium from entering heart and arterial cells
  • decreasing cardiac workload and causing vasodilation !
24
Q

what is the mechanism of action of atenolol and metoprolol?

A

blocks sympathetic nervous system stimulation of beta 1 receptors causing a decrease in cardiac workload !

25
Q

what do you use atenolol, metoprolol, amlodipine, and lisinopril for ?

A

hypertension and decrease cardiac workload

26
Q

what are the adverse reactions for lisinopril, atenolol, metoprolol, and amlodipine?

A

all: orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, and dizziness !
ACE inhibitor: dry cough, hyperkalemia !
calcium channel blocker: peripheral edema !
beta blockers: bradycardia, bronchospasms !

27
Q

what are some nursing interventions/ teachings for lisinopril, atenolol, metoprolol, and amlodipine ?

A
  • assess bp and hr before and after administration !
  • ACE inhibitors: assess for dry cough, avoid OTC meds !
  • Beta-blocker: monitor for heart failure !
  • do not stop abruptly !
  • no grapefruit juice with a Ca channel blocker !
  • may combine meds - diuretics !
28
Q

what are some contraindications of lisinopril, atenolol, metoprolol, and amlodipine?

A

lisinopril: pregnancy !
beta blockers: bradycardia, asthma, COPD
calcium channel blockers: bradycardia !

29
Q

what drug class is nitroglycerine, diltiazem, and amlodipine in

A

antianginal/ vasodilating
! Nitrate: nitroglycerine
! calcium channel blocker: diltiazem, amlodipine

30
Q

what is the mechanism of action for nitroglycerine, diltiazem, and amlodipine

A

Nitrates: cause vasodilation and increase blood flow to myocardium!
Ca calcium blockers: dilated arteries and slows cardiac conduction

31
Q

what do you use nitroglycerine, diltiazem, and amlodipine for

A

relieve angina pain and prevent or treat chronic angina

32
Q

what are some adverse reactions of nitroglycerine, diltiazem, and amlodipine?

A

all: headache, dizziness, weakness, and hypotension !
Nitrates: burning or tingling in the oral cavity
Ca channel blocker: bradycardia, edema

33
Q

what are some nursing interventions/ teachings for nitroglycerine, diltiazem, and amlodipine

A

-assess the severity, monitor vital signs !
- nitro admin 1SL q5minx3 !
- lay down after administration !
- stop all activity when taking nitro !
- may take acetaminophen for headaches !

34
Q

what are some contraindications of nitroglycerine, diltiazem, and amlodipine

A

hypotension !
Nitrates: closed angle glaucoma !
interactions : nitrates- ED meds !
calcium channel blockers grapefruit !

35
Q

what drug class is warfarin, heparin, enoxaparin, and apixaban ?

A

anticoagulants

36
Q

what drug class is clopidogrel ?

A

antiplatelet

37
Q

what drug class is alteplase ?

A

thrombolytic (only med that dissolves existing clots)

38
Q

what is the mechanism of action of warfarin, heparin, enoxaparin, and apixaban ?

A

prevent formation of blood clots !

39
Q

what is the mechanism of action for clopidogrel

A

keep platelets from sticking together

40
Q

what do you use warfarin, heparin, enoxaparin, apixaban, clopidogrel, and alteplase ?

A

MI
A-Fib
stroke prevention
prevent PE or DVT !

41
Q

what are some adverse reactions of warfarin, heparin, enoxaparin, apixaban, clopidogrel, and alteplase ?

A

All: bleeding internal/external), bruising !
heparin/ enxoaparin: HIT !

42
Q

nursing interventions/ teaching for warfarin, heparin, enoxaparin, apixaban, clopidogrel, and alteplase ?

A
  • PT/INR ( 2-3 goal) for warafarin !
  • aPTT/PTT for IV heparin !
  • CBC for signs of bleeding !
43
Q

what are the antidotes of heparin and vitamin K

A

heparin : protamine sulfate
vitamin k: warfarin

44
Q

contraindications warfarin, heparin, enoxaparin, apixaban, clopidogrel, and alteplase ?

A
  • GI ulcers !
45
Q

what drug class is digoxin ?

A

cardiac glycoside (cardiotonic)

46
Q

what is the mechanism of action for digoxin?

A

slows cardiac conduction through the AV node to lower heart rate and increase cardiac contractility !

47
Q

what do you use digoxin for ?

A

heart failure
a fib

48
Q

what are some adverse reactions of digoxin?

A
  • gi upset !
  • visual disturbances, arrhythmias, and anorexia !
    sign of toxicity: yellow and green halos, n/v, gi upset !
49
Q

what are some nursing interventions/ teachings for digoxin?

A
  • lung sounds, edema, weight, and electrolytes (K) !
  • assess apical pulse before admin- hold med if rate is <60 !
  • monitor digoxin levels, take pulse prior to taking dose !
  • report gi and vision changes
50
Q

what are some contraindications of digoxin?

A
  • hypokalemia !
    interactions- thyroid hormones !(decreased effectiveness of digoxin) !
  • diuretics (increased risk for electrolyte imbalances !

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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