Unit 6 Drugs Flashcards
what do non-opiod analgesics do
relieve pain without causing physical dependence
what are the actions of analgesics, anti-pyretics, and anti-inflammatories?
analgesics = pain-relieving
anti-pyretic = decrease body temp
anti-inflammatory = decrease inflammation
what are the 3 non-opioid analgesic classes?
Salicylates
non-salicylates
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
what is the Salicylate drug
Aspirin
what are the 3 actions of aspirin
- analgesics
- anti-pyretic
- anti-inflammatory
- anti-platelet
what is the mechanism of action for aspirin
- inhibition of prostaglandins causes analgesia and anti-inflammation
- inhibits aggregation of platelet
what is aspirin acting as an antiplatelet used for ?
important for MI and stroke patients
- prolongs bleeding time = risk for bleeding
what is aspirin used for
- analgesia, anti-pyretic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory
- reduces risk of stroke or ischemic attack
- reduces risk of myocardial infarction
what are some adverse drug reactions of aspirin ?
- gi bleed throughout use or large doses
- toxicity from repeated large doses; N/V/D, tinnitus (ringing in the ear) !
what are some special considerations/contraindications of taking aspirin?
- bleeding disorders
- Reyes syndrome in children !
what are some drug interactions to consider with aspirin?
antacids decrease effect
- aspirin increases bleeding with heparin
- increase NSAID levels
what do you use acetaminophen for
- analgesics
- antipyretic
- no inflammatory effect
- used when allergic to aspirin
- used when on anticoagulants
what are some adverse drug reactions with acetaminophen
liver tenderness
- jaundice, hepatotoxicity, and hepatic failure !
what are some contraindications of acetaminophen
liver impairment
hepatic disease
liver cirrhosis
chronic alcoholism
what are some management/teachings of taking acetaminophen and aspirin?
-acetaminophen- 2-4 grams max in 24hrs !
-acetylcysteine is antidote to acetaminophen overdose !
-watch combo/ OTC !
- NO ETOH (risk of liver failure) !
- take aspirin with food to prevent gi upset !
what are the actions of NSAIDS
- antiinflammatory
-inhibits COX enzyme
what are the therapeutic classes of NSAIDS
analgesic
anti-pyretic
anti-inflammatory
what are the 2 NSAID drugs
ibuprofen and celecoxib
what drug is only a COX2 inhibitor? what does it mean?
celecoxib; it blocks pain and inflammation !
ibuprofen is selective or non-selective ? what does it mean
! nonselective- blocks COX1 and COX2
blocks pain and inflammation (COX2) but also blocks the protection of the stomach and formation of clots(COX2) (which is bad) !
what are some adverse drug reactions of ibuprofen and celecoxib
ibuprofen: nonselective nsaid
- GI bleed/ peptic ulcers !
- N/V; reflux; anoroexia !
celecoxib: selective nsaid
htn/headaches !
what are some nursing management/teachings of taking nsaids (ibuprofen/celecoxib)
-assess for GI bleed !
- take NSAID woth food !
what are the contraindications of taking ibuprofen and celecoxib
- bleeding disorders !
- renal dysfunction !
what are the two main classes of opioids?
opioid and opioid antagonists
what is the mechanism of action of opioids
block perception of pain
what are the opioid drugs
- morphine
- merperidine
what is the action of the opioid antagonists
reverse the effects of the opioid drug
what is the opioid antagonist drug
naloxone
what are some adverse drug reactions of morphine and merperidine
- sedation !
- dizziness !
- urinary retention !
- resp. depression !
- constipatoin !
what are some management/teachings of taking opioids
- monitor vital signs and resp. function and LOC to monitor for overdose !
- opioid dependence and drug tolerance !
- constipation management !
- do not drive !
what are some contraindications of taking opioids
- monitor opioid naive !
what are some adverse reactions of naloxone?
appearance of withdrawal
- agitation !
- tachycardiac, htn !
- return of pain !
what are some nursing managements of taking naloxone?
- anticipate return of pain !
what are some contraindications of naloxone
- underlying cardiovascular disorder !
what is the local anesthesia drug
lidocaine
what does lidocaine do? used for?
blocks pain at specific site !
topical- pain control !
what are some adverse reactions of lidocaine
- numbness, tingling !
- skin rash !
- hyperthermia !
what are some patient teachings/management of lidocaine
anticipate loss of sensation !
- may combine with epinephrine !
what is the cholinergic drug of this unit
bethanechol
what does bethanechol do ?
stimulates parasympathetic system (rest and digest)
- copies effects of acetylcholine !
what do you use bethanechol used for
urinary retention !
what are the adverse reactions of bethanechol (wet and leaky drug) !
- excessive salivation !
- diaphoresis !
- bradycardia/ hypotension !
what are some managements/teachings of bethanechol
- v/s and i/o’s !
- atropine may be used as an antidote !
what is a interaction of bethanechol
corticosterioids !
what are the anticholinergic drugs of this unit
atropine, benztropine, and tolterodine !
what do anti-cholinerigc drugs do ?
blocks parasympathetic nervous system (blocks rest and digest)
- inhibit effects of acetylcholine !
what do you use atropine for ?
used preop to dry up secretions before surgery !
what are the adverse drug reactions of tolterodine, atropine, and benztropine? (high and dry/ dries up secretions)
confusion - elderly !
blurred vision !
what are some contraindications of benztropine, atropine, and tolterodine ?
glaucomoa !
