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Pharmacology > Unit 6 Drugs > Flashcards

Unit 6 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what do non-opiod analgesics do

A

relieve pain without causing physical dependence

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2
Q

what are the actions of analgesics, anti-pyretics, and anti-inflammatories?

A

analgesics = pain-relieving
anti-pyretic = decrease body temp
anti-inflammatory = decrease inflammation

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3
Q

what are the 3 non-opioid analgesic classes?

A

Salicylates
non-salicylates
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

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4
Q

what is the Salicylate drug

A

Aspirin

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5
Q

what are the 3 actions of aspirin

A
  • analgesics
  • anti-pyretic
  • anti-inflammatory
  • anti-platelet
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6
Q

what is the mechanism of action for aspirin

A
  • inhibition of prostaglandins causes analgesia and anti-inflammation
  • inhibits aggregation of platelet
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7
Q

what is aspirin acting as an antiplatelet used for ?

A

important for MI and stroke patients
- prolongs bleeding time = risk for bleeding

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8
Q

what is aspirin used for

A
  • analgesia, anti-pyretic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory
  • reduces risk of stroke or ischemic attack
  • reduces risk of myocardial infarction
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9
Q

what are some adverse drug reactions of aspirin ?

A
  • gi bleed throughout use or large doses
  • toxicity from repeated large doses; N/V/D, tinnitus (ringing in the ear) !
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10
Q

what are some special considerations/contraindications of taking aspirin?

A
  • bleeding disorders
  • Reyes syndrome in children !
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11
Q

what are some drug interactions to consider with aspirin?

A

antacids decrease effect
- aspirin increases bleeding with heparin
- increase NSAID levels

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12
Q

what do you use acetaminophen for

A
  • analgesics
  • antipyretic
  • no inflammatory effect
  • used when allergic to aspirin
  • used when on anticoagulants
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13
Q

what are some adverse drug reactions with acetaminophen

A

liver tenderness
- jaundice, hepatotoxicity, and hepatic failure !

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14
Q

what are some contraindications of acetaminophen

A

liver impairment
hepatic disease
liver cirrhosis
chronic alcoholism

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15
Q

what are some management/teachings of taking acetaminophen and aspirin?

A

-acetaminophen- 2-4 grams max in 24hrs !
-acetylcysteine is antidote to acetaminophen overdose !
-watch combo/ OTC !
- NO ETOH (risk of liver failure) !
- take aspirin with food to prevent gi upset !

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16
Q

what are the actions of NSAIDS

A
  • antiinflammatory
    -inhibits COX enzyme
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17
Q

what are the therapeutic classes of NSAIDS

A

analgesic
anti-pyretic
anti-inflammatory

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18
Q

what are the 2 NSAID drugs

A

ibuprofen and celecoxib

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19
Q

what drug is only a COX2 inhibitor? what does it mean?

A

celecoxib; it blocks pain and inflammation !

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20
Q

ibuprofen is selective or non-selective ? what does it mean

A

! nonselective- blocks COX1 and COX2
blocks pain and inflammation (COX2) but also blocks the protection of the stomach and formation of clots(COX2) (which is bad) !

21
Q

what are some adverse drug reactions of ibuprofen and celecoxib

A

ibuprofen: nonselective nsaid
- GI bleed/ peptic ulcers !
- N/V; reflux; anoroexia !
celecoxib: selective nsaid
htn/headaches !

22
Q

what are some nursing management/teachings of taking nsaids (ibuprofen/celecoxib)

A

-assess for GI bleed !
- take NSAID woth food !

23
Q

what are the contraindications of taking ibuprofen and celecoxib

A
  • bleeding disorders !
  • renal dysfunction !
24
Q

what are the two main classes of opioids?

A

opioid and opioid antagonists

25
Q

what is the mechanism of action of opioids

A

block perception of pain

26
Q

what are the opioid drugs

A
  • morphine
  • merperidine
27
Q

what is the action of the opioid antagonists

A

reverse the effects of the opioid drug

28
Q

what is the opioid antagonist drug

A

naloxone

29
Q

what are some adverse drug reactions of morphine and merperidine

A
  • sedation !
  • dizziness !
  • urinary retention !
  • resp. depression !
  • constipatoin !
30
Q

what are some management/teachings of taking opioids

A
  • monitor vital signs and resp. function and LOC to monitor for overdose !
  • opioid dependence and drug tolerance !
  • constipation management !
  • do not drive !
31
Q

what are some contraindications of taking opioids

A
  • monitor opioid naive !
32
Q

what are some adverse reactions of naloxone?

A

appearance of withdrawal
- agitation !
- tachycardiac, htn !
- return of pain !

33
Q

what are some nursing managements of taking naloxone?

A
  • anticipate return of pain !
34
Q

what are some contraindications of naloxone

A
  • underlying cardiovascular disorder !
35
Q

what is the local anesthesia drug

A

lidocaine

36
Q

what does lidocaine do? used for?

A

blocks pain at specific site !
topical- pain control !

37
Q

what are some adverse reactions of lidocaine

A
  • numbness, tingling !
  • skin rash !
  • hyperthermia !
38
Q

what are some patient teachings/management of lidocaine

A

anticipate loss of sensation !
- may combine with epinephrine !

39
Q

what is the cholinergic drug of this unit

A

bethanechol

40
Q

what does bethanechol do ?

A

stimulates parasympathetic system (rest and digest)
- copies effects of acetylcholine !

41
Q

what do you use bethanechol used for

A

urinary retention !

42
Q

what are the adverse reactions of bethanechol (wet and leaky drug) !

A
  • excessive salivation !
  • diaphoresis !
  • bradycardia/ hypotension !
43
Q

what are some managements/teachings of bethanechol

A
  • v/s and i/o’s !
  • atropine may be used as an antidote !
44
Q

what is a interaction of bethanechol

A

corticosterioids !

45
Q

what are the anticholinergic drugs of this unit

A

atropine, benztropine, and tolterodine !

46
Q

what do anti-cholinerigc drugs do ?

A

blocks parasympathetic nervous system (blocks rest and digest)
- inhibit effects of acetylcholine !

47
Q

what do you use atropine for ?

A

used preop to dry up secretions before surgery !

48
Q

what are the adverse drug reactions of tolterodine, atropine, and benztropine? (high and dry/ dries up secretions)

A

confusion - elderly !
blurred vision !

49
Q

what are some contraindications of benztropine, atropine, and tolterodine ?

A

glaucomoa !

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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