Unit 4 Drugs Part 2

Question 1

what drug class is diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Loratadine (Claratin)

Answer 1

antihistamines

Question 2

what generation is diphenhydramine? what does it mean?

Answer 2

1st generation; more effective but more reactions

Question 3

what is the mechanism of action for diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Loratadine (Claratin)?

Answer 3

blocks histamine receptors throughout the body to prevent allergic reactions

Question 3

what are some adverse reactions of diphenhydramine (Benadryl) ?

Answer 3

for 1st generation: sedation, hypotension, drowsiness !
- restlessness !
- anticholinergic effect ( constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention, and blurred vison) !

Question 3

what generation is Loratadine? what does it mean?

Answer 3

2nd generation; less effective but less reactions

Question 4

what do you use diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Loratadine (Claratin) for ?

Answer 4

• seasonal allergies
• allergic rhinitis
• allergic reactions to medications !
• motion sickness
• cough relief
  diphenhydramine ONLY for Parkinsons disease

Question 5

what are some adverse reactions for loratadine?

Answer 5

• restlessness !
• less sedation and anticholinergic effects than 1st gen.
• anticholinergic effects

Question 5

what are some nursing interventions/ teachings for diphenhydramine and Loratadine ?

Answer 5

• monitor blood pressure !
• assess bowel and urinary pattern
• anticipate fall risk !
• increase fluid intake !
• no ETOH !
  loratadine: only take once a day !
  diphenhydramine: every 4-6hrs !

Question 6

what are some contraindications for diphenhydramine and Loratadine?

Answer 6

• bph, and or urine retention !
• acute asthma attacks
• glaucoma

Question 7

what drug class is oxymetazoline (nasal spray) and pseudoephedrine

Answer 7

decongestant

Question 8

what is the mechanism of action for oxymetazoline and pseudoephedrine ?

Answer 8

decrease nasal swelling by providing local vasoconstriction of small vessels on the nasal membranes !
- sympathetic stimulant !

Question 9

what do you use oxymetazoline and pseudoephedrine for?

Answer 9

congestion associated with the common cold, hay fever, and sinusitis

Question 10

what are some adverse reactions for oxymetazoline and pseudoephedrine

Answer 10

• tachycardia, HTN !
• nervousness
• insomnia !
• blurred vision
  oxymetazoline:
• rebound congestion w/ nasal sprays !
• nasal irritation

Question 11

nursing management/teachings of oxymetazoline and pseudoephedrine

Answer 11

• assess and monitor s/s and v/s !
• monitor px response to therapy
• limit nasal spray to 3-5 days !
• avoid with history of HTN !

Question 12

contraindications of oxymetazoline and pseudoephedrine

Answer 12

• glaucoma
• hypertension !
• PVD
• CAD !
• thyroid disease

Question 13

what drug class is codeine (opioid), Dextromethorphan, and Benzonatate

Answer 13

antitussives

Question 14

what is the mechanism of action of codeine, Dextromethorphan, and Benzonatate ?

Answer 14

decrease cough center in the medulla
- numbs stretch receptors in the respiratory passages

Question 15

what do you use codeine, Dextromethorphan, and Benzonatate for?

Answer 15

dry cough (with no sputum)

Question 16

what are some adverse reactions of Codeine and DM

Answer 16

• lightheadedness
• dizziness
• drowsiness !
• sedation !

Question 17

what are some adverse reactions of benzonatate?

Answer 17

• lightheadedness
• dizzy

Question 18

what is an adverse reaction of codeine specifically?

Answer 18

constipation

Question 19

what are some nursing interventions/teachings for codeine, Dextromethorphan, and Benzonatate

Answer 19

• determine the type of cough !
• assess v/s, s/s
• safety precautions !
• no alcohol !
• risk for addiction in Codeine (DM)

Question 20

what are some contraindications of codeine, Dextromethorphan, and Benzonatate

Answer 20

• chronic cough with secretions !
  codeine: severe respiratory depression !
  benzonatate- avoid in kids under 10