Unit 4 Drugs Part 2 Flashcards
what drug class is diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Loratadine (Claratin)
antihistamines
what generation is diphenhydramine? what does it mean?
1st generation; more effective but more reactions
what is the mechanism of action for diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Loratadine (Claratin)?
blocks histamine receptors throughout the body to prevent allergic reactions
what are some adverse reactions of diphenhydramine (Benadryl) ?
for 1st generation: sedation, hypotension, drowsiness !
- restlessness !
- anticholinergic effect ( constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention, and blurred vison) !
what generation is Loratadine? what does it mean?
2nd generation; less effective but less reactions
what do you use diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Loratadine (Claratin) for ?
- seasonal allergies
- allergic rhinitis
- allergic reactions to medications !
- motion sickness
- cough relief
diphenhydramine ONLY for Parkinsons disease
what are some adverse reactions for loratadine?
- restlessness !
- less sedation and anticholinergic effects than 1st gen.
- anticholinergic effects
what are some nursing interventions/ teachings for diphenhydramine and Loratadine ?
- monitor blood pressure !
- assess bowel and urinary pattern
- anticipate fall risk !
- increase fluid intake !
- no ETOH !
loratadine: only take once a day !
diphenhydramine: every 4-6hrs !
what are some contraindications for diphenhydramine and Loratadine?
- bph, and or urine retention !
- acute asthma attacks
- glaucoma
what drug class is oxymetazoline (nasal spray) and pseudoephedrine
decongestant
what is the mechanism of action for oxymetazoline and pseudoephedrine ?
decrease nasal swelling by providing local vasoconstriction of small vessels on the nasal membranes !
- sympathetic stimulant !
what do you use oxymetazoline and pseudoephedrine for?
congestion associated with the common cold, hay fever, and sinusitis
what are some adverse reactions for oxymetazoline and pseudoephedrine
- tachycardia, HTN !
- nervousness
- insomnia !
- blurred vision
oxymetazoline: - rebound congestion w/ nasal sprays !
- nasal irritation
nursing management/teachings of oxymetazoline and pseudoephedrine
- assess and monitor s/s and v/s !
- monitor px response to therapy
- limit nasal spray to 3-5 days !
- avoid with history of HTN !
contraindications of oxymetazoline and pseudoephedrine
- glaucoma
- hypertension !
- PVD
- CAD !
- thyroid disease
what drug class is codeine (opioid), Dextromethorphan, and Benzonatate
antitussives
what is the mechanism of action of codeine, Dextromethorphan, and Benzonatate ?
decrease cough center in the medulla
- numbs stretch receptors in the respiratory passages
what do you use codeine, Dextromethorphan, and Benzonatate for?
dry cough (with no sputum)
what are some adverse reactions of Codeine and DM
- lightheadedness
- dizziness
- drowsiness !
- sedation !
what are some adverse reactions of benzonatate?
- lightheadedness
- dizzy
what is an adverse reaction of codeine specifically?
constipation
what are some nursing interventions/teachings for codeine, Dextromethorphan, and Benzonatate
- determine the type of cough !
- assess v/s, s/s
- safety precautions !
- no alcohol !
- risk for addiction in Codeine (DM)
what are some contraindications of codeine, Dextromethorphan, and Benzonatate
- chronic cough with secretions !
codeine: severe respiratory depression !
benzonatate- avoid in kids under 10
