UNIT 7 - CH 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Agglomeration

A

A process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities. The term often refers to manufacturing plants and business that benefit from close proximity because they share skilled-labor pools and technological and financial amenities

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2
Q

Assembly line

A

Production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks

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3
Q

Automation

A

The use of technology to ease human labor to extend the mental or physical capabilities of humans

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4
Q

Break-of-bulk point

A

A location where large shipments of goods are broken up into smaller containers for delivery to local markets

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5
Q

Bulk-gaining industry

A

An industry in which the final product weighs more or compromises a greater volume than the inputs

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6
Q

Bulk-reducing industry

A

Industry in which the final product weighs less or compromises a lower volume than the inputs cottage industries small-scale industries based in the home

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7
Q

Dual economy

A

An economy in which the population is divided by economic disparities into two groups, one prosperous and the other near or below the poverty level

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8
Q

Economic sectors

A

“Sections” of an economy. The sectors are primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinacrine sectors

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9
Q

First Industrial Revolution

A

Beginning in Great Britain in the 1780’s which gave rise to textiles, railroads, iron, and coal

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10
Q

Industrial parks

A

An area zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development

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11
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

Series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufactured goods

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12
Q

Interchangeable parts

A

Identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing

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13
Q

Just-in-time delivery

A

Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed

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14
Q

Least-cost theory (Weber)

A

Model developed by Alfred Weber according to which the location of manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and agglomeration

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15
Q

Mass production

A

Production of goods in large numbers through the use of machinery and assembly lines

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16
Q

Mechanization

A

The application of machinery to manufacturing and other activities. Among the first processes to be mechanized were the spinning of cotton thread and the weaving of cloth in the late-eighteen and early-nineteenth-century England

17
Q

Postindustrial economy

A

An economic phase in which manufacturing no longer plays a dominant role

18
Q

Primary sector

A

The part of the economy that draws raw materials from the natural environment

19
Q

Quaternary sector

A

Consists of information workers including information technology and scientific research

20
Q

Quinary sector

A

Includes the highest levels of decision making in a society or economy

21
Q

Raw materials

A

The basic material from which a product is made

22
Q

Second Industrial Revolution

A

Steel, chemicals, electricity. This is the name for the new wave of more heavy industrialization started around the 1860s

23
Q

Secondary sector

A

The part of the economy that transforms raw materials into manufactured goods

24
Q

Tertiary sector

A

The part of the economy that involves services rather than goods

25
Third Industrial Revolution
The shift in the 1920s towards relying on electricity for power and utilizing the assembly line for the mass production of consumer goods