UNIT 7 - CH 18 Flashcards
Agglomeration
A process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities. The term often refers to manufacturing plants and business that benefit from close proximity because they share skilled-labor pools and technological and financial amenities
Assembly line
Production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks
Automation
The use of technology to ease human labor to extend the mental or physical capabilities of humans
Break-of-bulk point
A location where large shipments of goods are broken up into smaller containers for delivery to local markets
Bulk-gaining industry
An industry in which the final product weighs more or compromises a greater volume than the inputs
Bulk-reducing industry
Industry in which the final product weighs less or compromises a lower volume than the inputs cottage industries small-scale industries based in the home
Dual economy
An economy in which the population is divided by economic disparities into two groups, one prosperous and the other near or below the poverty level
Economic sectors
“Sections” of an economy. The sectors are primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinacrine sectors
First Industrial Revolution
Beginning in Great Britain in the 1780’s which gave rise to textiles, railroads, iron, and coal
Industrial parks
An area zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development
Industrial Revolution
Series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufactured goods
Interchangeable parts
Identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing
Just-in-time delivery
Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed
Least-cost theory (Weber)
Model developed by Alfred Weber according to which the location of manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and agglomeration
Mass production
Production of goods in large numbers through the use of machinery and assembly lines
Mechanization
The application of machinery to manufacturing and other activities. Among the first processes to be mechanized were the spinning of cotton thread and the weaving of cloth in the late-eighteen and early-nineteenth-century England
Postindustrial economy
An economic phase in which manufacturing no longer plays a dominant role
Primary sector
The part of the economy that draws raw materials from the natural environment
Quaternary sector
Consists of information workers including information technology and scientific research
Quinary sector
Includes the highest levels of decision making in a society or economy
Raw materials
The basic material from which a product is made
Second Industrial Revolution
Steel, chemicals, electricity. This is the name for the new wave of more heavy industrialization started around the 1860s
Secondary sector
The part of the economy that transforms raw materials into manufactured goods
Tertiary sector
The part of the economy that involves services rather than goods
Third Industrial Revolution
The shift in the 1920s towards relying on electricity for power and utilizing the assembly line for the mass production of consumer goods
