UNIT 7 - CH 18

Question 1

Agglomeration

Answer 1

A process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities. The term often refers to manufacturing plants and business that benefit from close proximity because they share skilled-labor pools and technological and financial amenities

Question 2

Assembly line

Answer 2

Production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks

Question 3

Automation

Answer 3

The use of technology to ease human labor to extend the mental or physical capabilities of humans

Question 4

Break-of-bulk point

Answer 4

A location where large shipments of goods are broken up into smaller containers for delivery to local markets

Question 5

Bulk-gaining industry

Answer 5

An industry in which the final product weighs more or compromises a greater volume than the inputs

Question 6

Bulk-reducing industry

Answer 6

Industry in which the final product weighs less or compromises a lower volume than the inputs cottage industries small-scale industries based in the home

Question 7

Dual economy

Answer 7

An economy in which the population is divided by economic disparities into two groups, one prosperous and the other near or below the poverty level

Question 8

Economic sectors

Answer 8

“Sections” of an economy. The sectors are primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinacrine sectors

Question 9

First Industrial Revolution

Answer 9

Beginning in Great Britain in the 1780’s which gave rise to textiles, railroads, iron, and coal

Question 10

Industrial parks

Answer 10

An area zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development

Question 11

Industrial Revolution

Answer 11

Series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufactured goods

Question 12

Interchangeable parts

Answer 12

Identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing

Question 13

Just-in-time delivery

Answer 13

Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed

Question 14

Least-cost theory (Weber)

Answer 14

Model developed by Alfred Weber according to which the location of manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and agglomeration

Question 15

Mass production

Answer 15

Production of goods in large numbers through the use of machinery and assembly lines

Question 16

Mechanization

Answer 16

The application of machinery to manufacturing and other activities. Among the first processes to be mechanized were the spinning of cotton thread and the weaving of cloth in the late-eighteen and early-nineteenth-century England

Question 17

Postindustrial economy

Answer 17

An economic phase in which manufacturing no longer plays a dominant role

Question 18

Primary sector

Answer 18

The part of the economy that draws raw materials from the natural environment

Question 19

Quaternary sector

Answer 19

Consists of information workers including information technology and scientific research

Question 20

Quinary sector

Answer 20

Includes the highest levels of decision making in a society or economy

Question 21

Raw materials

Answer 21

The basic material from which a product is made

Question 22

Second Industrial Revolution

Answer 22

Steel, chemicals, electricity. This is the name for the new wave of more heavy industrialization started around the 1860s

Question 23

Secondary sector

Answer 23

The part of the economy that transforms raw materials into manufactured goods

Question 24

Tertiary sector

Answer 24

The part of the economy that involves services rather than goods

Question 25

Third Industrial Revolution

Answer 25

The shift in the 1920s towards relying on electricity for power and utilizing the assembly line for the mass production of consumer goods