UNIT 5 - CH 14

Question 1

Agricultural landscape

Answer 1

Landscape resulting from the interactions between farming activities and a locations natural environment

Question 2

Agroecosystem

Answer 2

Ecosystem modified for agricultural use

Question 3

Deforestation

Answer 3

Loss of forest land and soil erosion (wearing away of topsoil by wind, rain, and other phenomena)

Question 4

Terrace farming

Answer 4

Farming where farmers carve parts of a hill or mountainside into small, level, growing plots

Question 5

Irrigation

Answer 5

To supplement rainfall, water is brought from its natural sources to farm fields through canals and other means

Question 6

Reservoirs

Answer 6

Artificial lakes created by building dams across streams and rivers

Question 7

Aquifers

Answer 7

Layers of underground sand, gravel, and rocks that contain and can release a useable amount of water

Question 8

Wetlands

Answer 8

Areas of land that are covered by or saturates with water - such as swamps, marches, and bogs

Question 9

Desertification

Answer 9

Form of land degradation that occurs when soil deteriorates to a desert-like condition - can be the result of poor pastoral nomadism practices in arid or semiarid land

Question 10

Biodiversity

Answer 10

Variety of organisms living in a location

Question 11

Pollution

Answer 11

Water runoff from fields may contain chemicals and nutrients from pesticides and fertilizers, as well as bacteria and disease-carrying organisms - which damages the ecosystem

Question 12

Land cover change

Answer 12

Refers to how the surface of land is altered by different land uses - especially by the way humans use the land

Question 13

Soil salinization

Answer 13

In arid regions, irrigation water evaporates, leaving salts behind in the soil

Question 14

Overgrazing

Answer 14

Grazing so heavily that the vegetation is damaged and the ground erodes

Question 15

Conservation

Answer 15

Managing and protecting natural resources to prevent their depletion

Question 16

Sustainability

Answer 16

The ability to keep in existence or maintain. A sustainable ecosystem is one that can be maintained

Question 17

Debt-for-nature-swap

Answer 17

When agencies such as the World Bank make a deal with third world countries that they will cancel their debt if the country will set aside a certain amount of their natural resources

Question 18

Biotechnology

Answer 18

A form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes

Question 19

Agricultural biodiversity

Answer 19

Describes the variety and variability of plants, animals, and microorganisms that are used directly or indirectly for food and agriculture

Question 20

Aquaculture

Answer 20

The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions

Question 21

Precision agriculture

Answer 21

Use of computer technology and geographic information systems to automatically very the chemicals applied to a crop at different places within a field

Question 22

Local food movement

Answer 22

Collaborative effort to build more locally based, self-reliant food economies

Question 23

Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)

Answer 23

Network between agricultural producers and consumers whereby consumers pledge support to a farming operation in order to receive a share of the output from the farming operation

Question 24

Organic farming

Answer 24

The use of natural substances rather than chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enrich the soil and grow crops

Question 25

Value-added crops

Answer 25

Changing the physical state or form of an agricultural product in a way that increases its worth (wheat into flour or berries into jam)

Question 26

Dietary shifts

Answer 26

Nutrition transition is the shift in dietary consumption and energy expenditure that coincides with economic, demographic, and epidemiological changes

Question 27

Food security

Answer 27

Peoples ability to access sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life

Question 28

Food insecurity

Answer 28

Limited or uncertain ability to acquire or consume an adequate quality or sufficient quantity of food in socially acceptable ways

Question 29

Suburbanization

Answer 29

The process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe

Question 30

Food desserts

Answer 30

An area that has a substantial amount of low-income residents and has a poor access to a grocery store

Question 31

Biodiversity

Answer 31

The number of different species in an area

Question 32

Overgrazing

Answer 32

Grazing so heavily that the vegetation is damaged and the ground erodes