CH 7 Flashcards
Cultural appropriation
Is the act of adopting elements of another culture - it is usually used to describe the adoption by a dominant culture of one or more elements of a minority culture
Hierarchical diffusion
The spread of an idea or trait from a person or place of power to other people or places (hierarchy - system through which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to size and status)
Contagious diffusion
Occurs when an idea or cultural trait spreads adjacently, or to people and places that are next to or adjoining one another. It often occurs among people of all social classes and levels of power. (Outbreak of disease that spreads through direct person to person contact is an example)
Stimulus diffusion
Occurs when the fundamental idea behind a cultural trait stimulates a new innovation. The trait itself does not spread - instead it triggers an idea that leads to a new cultural trait
Relocation diffusion
The spread of cultural traits or ideas through the movement or relocation of people - either people or groups
Assimilation
(Category of acculturation) the interaction of 2 cultures results in one culture adopting almost all of the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other. An individual or group that has fully assimilated into a culture - will be indistinguishable socially and culturally from others in the culture.
Lingua Franca
A common language used among speakers of different languages
Creolization
Interactions between cultures can result in two or more cultural elements blending together - creolization occurs when people incorporate particular elements from an incoming culture and endow them with new meaning
Diffusion
Process by which a cultural trait spreads from one place to another over time
Cultural hearth
A location where a cultural trait often originates and initially diffuses, or spreads from there
Expansion diffusion
Occurs when an aspect of culture spreads outward from where it originated - as it spreads, the trait also remains in its place or origin - it expands outward from the hearth
Cultural convergence
As cultures interact with one another, they become more similar, sharing and adopting one another’s ideas, innovations, and other cultural traits
Cultural divergence
Conflicting beliefs or other barriers can cause two cultures to become less similar
Acculturation
Where people within one culture adapt some of the traits of another while still retaining their women distinct culture
Syncretism
A blending of beliefs/cultural features to form a new custom, idea, value or practice
