CH 6

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

A group of belief systems, norms, and values practiced by people EX) Mayan American Indians who hunt whales

Question 2

Traditional/folk culture

Answer 2

Is composed of long-established behaviors, beliefs, and practices passed down from generation to generation - such as languages, food, ceremonies and customs

Question 3

Ethnic neighborhoods

Answer 3

Cultural landscaped within communities of people outside their area of origin - often formed in large cities with large numbers of a minority group. Ex: Chinatowns in NYC, San Francisco, Chicago, London, Toronto (and many others around the world)

Question 4

Cultural landscape

Answer 4

Human imprint on the landscape, and it offers clues about cultural practices and priorities both past and present

Question 5

Ethnicity

Answer 5

The belonging to a group of people who share common cultural characteristics

Question 6

Cultural trait

Answer 6

A shared object or cultural practice

Question 7

Artifacts

Answer 7

A visible object or technology that a culture creates

Question 8

Sociofacts

Answer 8

Structures and organizations that influence social behavior, such as families, governments, educational systems and religious organizations

Question 9

Mentifacts

Answer 9

The central, enduring elements of a culture that reflect its shared ideas, values, knowledge, and beliefs - and are the slowest to change

Question 10

Cultural norms

Answer 10

Shared standards and patterns that guide the behavior of a group of people

Question 11

Ethnocentrism

Answer 11

The tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to their preconceived ideas originating from their own culture. (More profound ethnocentrism may include the belief that ones own cultural group is superior - which may result in overt or clear discrimination against other groups

Question 12

Cultural relativism

Answer 12

Is the evaluation of a culture solely by its unique standards (in contrast to ethnocentrism)

Question 13

Identity

Answer 13

How humans make sense of themselves and how they wish to be viewed by others

Question 14

Sequent occupance

Answer 14

The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, a collection of evidence about human character and experiences within a geographic region, which shapes the cultural landscape

Question 15

Traditional architecture

Answer 15

Buildings influenced by the environment and is based on localized needs and construction materials available - tends to reflect local traditions and usually evolves over time to reflect environmental, cultural and historical context in which it exists

Question 16

Postmodern architecture

Answer 16

Emerges in. The 1960’s as a reaction to modern designs, which emphasized form, structure and materials. Values diversity in design. Postmodern was a “desire to make architecture a vehicle of cultural expression.”

Question 17

Religion

Answer 17

A system of spiritual beliefs that helps form cultural perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs

Question 18

Values

Answer 18

They are often a motive behind observable cultural behaviors and practices

Question 19

Pilgrimage

Answer 19

A journey to a holy place for spiritual reasons Ex: Hajj to Mecca for Muslims

Question 20

Toponym

Answer 20

Place names, helps define what is unique about a place - such as its geographic features or history

Question 21

Gendered spaces

Answer 21

Spaces that are designed and deliberately incorporated into the landscape to accommodate gender roles. They can exist in homes, workplaces, and public areas. They can be supportive, positive places or restrictive places

Question 22

Gender identity

Answer 22

How individuals perceive themselves and what they call themselves

Question 23

Safe spaces

Answer 23

Spaces of acceptance for people who are marginalized in society, allows people to share interests and experiences with others within a community they identify in

Question 24

Gentrification

Answer 24

Renovations and improvements conforming to middle-class preference - it drives up the demand for housing and the cost of living in neighborhoods - making it challenging for those less affluent to live there

Question 25

Third space

Answer 25

A communal space, separate from home (first space) or work (second space) where the person can develop their sense of self, let their guard down and form relationships with others. (Ex: coffee shop, fitness center, book store)

Question 26

Placemaking

Answer 26

A community driven process in which people collaborate to create a plan where they can live, work, play and live

Question 27

Dialects

Answer 27

Variation of a standard language specific to a general area

Question 28

Adherents

Answer 28

People who are loyal to a belief, religion, or organization

Question 29

Sense of place

Answer 29

When humans fill a geographic location with meaning by connecting memories and feelings to it - a persons sense of place can change over time

Question 30

Denominations

Answer 30

Separate organizations that unite a number of local congregations

Question 31

Sect

Answer 31

A relatively small group that has broken away from en established denomination

Question 32

Centripetal force

Answer 32

Force that creates solidarity among a group of people and provide stability

Question 33

Centrifugal force

Answer 33

A force that divides groups of people

Question 34

Popular culture

Answer 34

The widespread behaviors, beliefs, and practices of ordinary people in society at a given point in time - popular culture tends to change quickly and with the increased communication and transportation technology - the rate if change in continuing to accelerate