UNIT 6 - CH 17 Flashcards
Blockbusting
A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood
Brownfields
Contaminated industrial or commercial sites that may require environmental cleanup before they can be redeveloped or expanded
De facto segregation
Racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of the law, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement
Ecological footprint
The impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources
Eminent domain
Power of a government to take private property for public use
Environmental injustice (racism)
Used to describe how communities of color and the poor are more likely to be exposed to environmental burdens such as air pollution or contaminated water
Favelas
Large slums around Brazilian cities
Filtering
Process of subdivision of houses and occupancy by successive waves of lower-income people
Gentrification
A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area
Greenbelt
A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area
Inclusionary zoning
Zoning regulations that create incentives or requirements for affordable housing development
Land tenure
How property rights to land are allocated within societies, including how permissions are granted to access, use, control, and transfer land
Mixed land use development
Cities that blend a use of residential, commercial, institutional, or industrial uses
Mixed-use zoning
Zoning that permits the use of real estate for more than one purpose; such as a building that has residential units, office, and retail space. Mixed use can be horizontal (multiple uses in an area or on one block/site) and/or vertical (multiple uses in one building)
New urbanism
A movement in urban planning to promote mixed use commercial and residential development and pedestrian friendly, community orientated cities. New urbanism is a reaction to the sprawling, automobile centered cities of the mid twentieth cities. Public transportation - buses, trains, subways, and other forms of transportation that charge set fares, run on fixed routes, and are available to the public
Redlining
A discriminatory real estate practice in North America in which members of minority groups are prevented from obtaining money to purchase homes or property in predominantly white neighborhoods. The practice derived its name from the red lines depicted on cadastral maps used by real estate agents and developers. Today, reclining is officially legal
Regional planning
City planning done on broader geographic scales, generally involving multiple municipal governments
Smart-growth policies
Aim is to create sustainable communities by placing development in convenient locations and designing it to be more efficient and environmentally responsible.
Suburban sprawl
Unplanned development by many different entities, often as part of urban outgrowth
Transportation-orientated development
The creation of dense, walkable, pedestrian-orientated, mixed-use communities centered around or located near a transit station
Urban growth boundary
Geographical boundaries places around a city to limit suburban growth within that city
Urban planning
Determining and drawing up plans for the future physical arrangement and condition of a community
Urban renewal
Program in which cities identify blighted inner-city neighborhoods, acquire the properties from private members, relocate the residents and businesses, clear the site, build new roads and utilities, and turn the land over to private developers
Urban sustainability
The goal of improving the social and economic conditions of an increasingly urbanized population while maintaining environmental quality
