UNIT 5 - CH 13

Question 1

Infrastructure

Answer 1

Basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society and its economy

Question 2

Dual Agricultural Economy

Answer 2

An economy having two agricultural sectors that have different levels of technology and different patterns of demand

Question 3

Economy of scale

Answer 3

When production increases, expenses are lower power unit of output (this has always existed in agriculture - but with the introduction of modern farming technology - it has increased considerably)

Question 4

Agribusiness

Answer 4

Refers to the large-scale system that includes the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products and equipment

Question 5

Hybrid

Answer 5

Scientists intentionally breed grains, fruits and vegetables in which different varieties are bred to enhance desired characteristics and improve disease resistance

Question 6

Dairy farming

Answer 6

A form of commercial livestock production where cattle is used for the processing of milk and other dairy products. Prevalent in Northern Europe and in the Northern United States

Question 7

Vertical integration

Answer 7

Occurs when a company controls more than one stage of the production process

Question 8

Commodity chain

Answer 8

Complex network that connects places of production with distribution to consumers

Question 9

Farm subsidies

Answer 9

A governmental low-cost loans, insurance and payments provided to farmers and agribusiness to supplement their income, manage the supply of agricultural commodities, and influence the cost and supply of such commodities

Question 10

Tariffs

Answer 10

Tax or duty to be paid on a particular import or export

Question 11

Von Thunen Model

Answer 11

Model developed by Von Thunen, German economist and landowner, to explain the forces that control the prices of agricultural commodities and how those variable prices affect patterns of agricultural land utilization

Question 12

Isotropic

Answer 12

Flat or featureless land

Question 13

Grain (cereal grain)

Answer 13

Def: A grass yielding grain for food (or feed)
Ex: oats, wheat, rye, or barley

Question 14

Global Supply Chain

Answer 14

This is the same as commodity chain - but at a global scale - they enable the delivery of a product between countries

Question 15

Cash crop

Answer 15

A crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower

Question 16

Fair Trade movement

Answer 16

Global campaign to fix unfair wage practices and protect the ability of farmers to earn a living