Unit 2 - Nat Geo CH. 5 Flashcards
Mobility
All types of movement from one location to another
Circulation
Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis
Human migration
The permanent movement of humans from one place to another
Emigrant
Movement AWAY from a location
A person who leaves a country or region to live elsewhere
Immigrant
Movement TO a location
A person who comes to live permanent in a foreign country
Net migration
The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration
Gravity model of migration
Derived from newton’s law of gravity, and used to predict the degree of migration interaction between two places.
Model predicts:
1. As the population of a city increases, migration to the city increases
2. As the distance to a city grows, migration to that city decreases
Push factors
Negative cause that compels someone to leave a location
Pull factors
Positive cause that attracts someone to a new location
Voluntary migration
When people make the CHOICE to move to a new place
Forced migration
People are compelled to move by economic, political, environmental, or cultural factors
Transnational migration
Immigrants to a new country retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties to their country of origin and may regularly return for visits
Internal migration
Movement within a country’s borders
Friction of distance
The longer the journey is - the more time, effort and cost it will involve
Transhumance
A form of migration practiced by nomads who move herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer and lower elevations during the winter
Chain migration
Form of migration in which people move to a location because others from their community (or family) have previously moved there
Step migration
Migration to a distant destination that occurs in a stages, fro example, from farm to nearby village and later a town and city
Intervening obstacle
An occurrence that holds migrants back
Intervening opportunity
An occurrence that causes migrants to pause their journey by choice
Rural-urban migration
The movement of people from the countryside to the city
Guest worker
Migrants who travel to a new country as temporary laborers (example : Bracero program - 1942 - 1964. Series of diplomatic accords between Mexico and U.S. permitted millions of Mexican men to work illegally in the United States on short-term labor contracts)
Circular migration
When migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country where they might work temporary jobs
Distance decay
The effects of Sid trance on interaction, generally the greater they distance the less interaction
Refugees
A person who has been forced to leave their country for fear of persecution or death
