Unit 7

Question 1

The nature-or-nurture debate weaves itself through nearly every part of psychology. This is especially true in the development of children.

Which of the following analogies BEST describes the relationship between Vygotsky’s work and Chomsky’s work?

Answer 1

. Chomsky is to development as Vygotsky

is to stagnation

Question 2

Daniel, president of his fraternity, is in charge of choosing a new alarm code for the house. He just finished a cognitive psychology course where he was introduced to George Miller’s research. Daniel wants to choose a number his brother will remember.

Which of the following numbers would be the BEST choice?

Answer 2

two groups of three digits and one group of four digits

Question 3

Memory for automatic activities like tying one’s shoe or riding a bike is known as

Answer 3

procedural memory

Question 4

Carl is studying for his AP Psychology test. After the first day, he only remembers the first few words. To improve his retention, he should apply Ebbinghaus’ findings.

Answer 4

by spacing his study sessions out throughout next week

Question 5

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory, which of the following types of memory houses detailed visual information for less than a second?

Answer 5

iconic

Question 6

Matthew and Jonathan see each other for the first time in twenty years at a class reunion. They immediately recall the winning play of the state championship game they played in together as seniors in high school.

Answer 6

episodic memory

Question 7

Hakeem remembers how to get from his dorm room to the Center for Psychological Learning after the second week on campus.

Answer 7

automatic processing

Question 8

Your friend asks the name of a song you’re listening to on the radio. You know the name but just cannot recall it at the moment.

Answer 8

tip-of-the-tongue phenomena

Question 9

Sally goes to a dog park and sees many young dogs catching frisbees and doing tricks. She wishes her old, trust dog could do a trick, but she believes he is too old to learn any new information.

Which of the following concepts supports her belief?

Answer 9

proactive interference

Question 10

Noam Chomsky believed which of the following about language?

Answer 10

children are born with the ability to acquire language

Question 11

When he was in third grade, Sammy’s parents were convinced he would get a soccer scholarship. They even hired a special trainer. Sammy did drills over and ove runtil he did not have to think about performing certain skills.

Which of the following BEST describes Sammy’s training?

Answer 11

Overlearning

Question 12

Wolfgang Kohler’s experiment involving Sultan, a chimpanzee who was given two hollow bamboo sticks to retrieve a banana beyond his reach, led to the conclusion that the ability to reach a sudden solution can be described using which of the following terms?

Answer 12

insight

Question 13

Jimmy was making a fruit smoothie in a blender but forgot to close the machine. In a tragic set of circumstances, he woke up in the hospital of no idea of what happened.

Which of the following BEST explains his symptoms?

Answer 13

retrogade amnesia

Question 14

In a classic case of amnesia, Clive Wearing retained the ability to play piano, but lost the ability to form new long term explicit memories. This amnesia was most likely caused by damage to his:

Answer 14

hippocampus

Question 15

While short-term memory lasts for less than a minute, its duration may be extended through:

Answer 15

rehearsal

Question 16

Your best friend insists that cramming several hours the night before an exam is the most effective study method. After taking a psychology course, you inform the friend that she could spend less overall time studying if she would just do a little bit at a time every night the week leading up to a test.

Answer 16

the spacing effect

Question 17

If you have difficulty remembering this year’s Spanish vocabulary because of the French classes you have taken in previous years, you are experiencing:

Answer 17

proactive interference

Question 18

Hames had not thought about a former soccer teammate for years. After going to a restaurant that they used to go to after practice, James could not help but think of his old teammate.

James’ memory of his old teammate likely occurred because of which of the following?

Answer 18

context-dependent memory

Question 19

One day on her way home from work, Nancy witnessed a suspect fleeing the scene of a bank robbery. Police asked her to come to the station where she picked the suspect out of a line-up.

This is an example of

Answer 19

recognition

Question 20

Martha quickly recalls the names of all five great lakes by saying “H.O.M.E.S.! Huron, Ontario, Michigran, Erie, Superior”

Answer 20

a menemonic device

Question 21

On the first day of class, you play a name game in which you say your name and repeat the names of every student ahead of you in the line. You confidently practice and remember everyone’s name when it is you turn until you come to the person directly in front of you. You cannot remember this student’s name!

Answer 21

next in line effect

Question 22

A classic demonstration of memory requires two groups of students to memorize a list of sentences. One group is instructed to rate sentences on how easy they are to pronounce. The other group must rate the sentences according to how easy it is to form a mental picture of the statement. Afterward, students in the visualization group remember more content from the sentences than students in the pronunciation group.

This result is due to differences in

Answer 22

levels of processing

Question 23

Rama frequently complains to Suzy about her parents. Suzy notices that Rama repeats teh same stories and that each time, Rama’s stories change and become more elaborate. She has occasionally pointed out Rama’s increasing exaggeratoin, but Rama swears she is remembering accurately.

Which term BEST explaisn what is happening with Rama’s stories?

Answer 23

reconstructive memory

Question 24

While looking through a family album, Eric insists that he remembers the family beach trip pictured in the album, even though he was onl ytwo years old. His older brother insists that he does not really remember the trip, he has just heard the family stories while looking through the album so many times that he thinks it is an actual memory.

Eric’s brother is claiming that he is experiencing

Answer 24

source amnesia

Question 25

When studying for a test, Amado realized that he could only remember the information from the first part of his teacher’s lecture.

This is MOST likely due to which of the following phenomena?

Answer 25

the primacy effect

Question 26

The neurological basis for long term memories stored in the brain is called:

Answer 26

long term potential

Question 27

Rose needs to cut open a box, but she cannot find a knife to complete the task.

Which of the following would MOST likely help her open the box?

Answer 27

divergent thinking

Question 28

The ability to find multiple solutions to problems is called

Answer 28

divergent thinking

Question 29

When deciding which college to attend, Ben pays little attention to Joe’s Business College, which is next to the food court at the mall. Instead, he opts for State University with its brick buildings and large, beautiful campus, because it seems closer to what a college should look like.

Ben’s decison is MOST influenced by

Answer 29

the representativeness heuristc

Question 30

Han needs to speak to his bank manager. As he walks into the bank, he sees a woman in a suit talking to the security guard. He waits to speak to her, assuming she is the manager. When Han introduces himself, she explains she is the niece of the security guard and she is not an employee of the bank.

Han likely mistook the woman for the manager because he used which of the following problem-solving strategies?

Answer 30

heuristic

Question 31

Kanika misplaced her tablet so she starts in her bedroom and systematically checks every room in her house until she locates it.

What strategy is Kanika using to solve her problem?

Answer 31

algorithim

Question 32

The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is MOST likely to

Answer 32

save time in arriving at solutions to problems

Question 33

Ivanna and Charlie are expecting their first child. At the ultrasound, Ivanna was told that there was a thirty percent chance the child could have Down syndrome. Ivanna was anxious after hearing the news until her husband told her there was a seventy pecent chance that the child would not have Down syndrome.

What might Ivanna’s change in perception be attributed to?

Answer 33

the framing effect

Question 34

Jack and Jill watch a presidential debate together. Before the debate, Jack prefers Candidate A, and Jil likes Candidate B. After the debate, Jack and Jill are both certain that their candidate won the debate, citing instances where they did well, and minimizing times they did poorly.

Which concept BEST explains their differing perceptions of the debate?

Answer 34

confirmation bias

Question 35

John believes that Mr. Jones is a poor teacher because he remembers each time that Mr. Jones was unable to answer a question but does not recall the times that Mr. Jones did a good job.

John’s thinking is being distorted by what phenomenon?

Answer 35

confirmation bias

Question 36

How many pheonemes does the word candy have

Answer 36

5

Question 37

syndi

Answer 37

look up

Question 38

10% chance of winning

Answer 38

framing effect

Question 39

After a stroke, Martha can say words, but her sentences are meaningless. What part of her brain has seemed to be damaged to cause her to lose her ability to comprehend language?

Answer 39

wernicke’s area

Question 40

Eleven-month-old Gabby says things like “go”, “bye”, and “up” when talking to her family. Gabby is MOST likely in which language development stage?

Answer 40

one-word