12 and 13 Flashcards
By studying abnormal psychology, the hope is
to gain a better understanding of normal psychology.
All cultures have
depression and schizophrenia.
450 million people have disorders, which vary by
culture
this is a ___ _____ between normal and abnormal
gray area
patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional
psych disorders
This means the behavior strays from what is normal. The norms of a society are determined by different things…
Culture – one culture’s norms may be another’s deviance.
Time period – what used to be odd may now be normal, or vice versa.
deviant
Just straying from the normal doesn’t make a disorder. They must also be bothered by what they do or see it as problematic.
distress
The abnormal behavior must also create problems in the person’s life. Whereas distress is on the inside, dysfunction sees the problem carried out in real life.
dysfunction
“Therapies” for psychological disorders have been very crude in the past. Things were done like
caging the insane, or beating/burning/mutilating them in some way.
The normal thinking was either that the person was possessed by an evil spirit or simply acting that way for attention.
were reformers who tried to replace brutality with care and loving treatment.
Philippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix
By the 1800s, it was learned that _______ affects the mind. This started the movement towards hospitals and away from jail cells. It also started two new approaches to psychological disorders…
syphalis
a movement that looks for biological causes of mental disorders. It believes:
Mental disorders are diagnosed based on their symptoms.
Mental disorders are cured through a therapy.
medical model
believes ALL behavior comes from the interaction of the body/genetics and one’s background/experiences as well as our thoughts.
The “bio” and the “social” parts of the name simply refer to nature and nurture.
The “psycho” part of the name is what we think about things. All three dance together.
Different cultures tend to have different disorders.
biopsychosocial
the current “disorder bible.” It’s the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. The DSM-5 came out in 2013 and replaced the DSM-IV-TR (which came out in 2000).
DSM-5
The DSM-5 includes
a diagnostic process and 16 clinical syndromes.
It does not try to explain _______ but tries to describe the disorder.
causes
The DSM gets good and bad marks…
The DSM has been praised for being rather reliable in diagnoses.
The DSM has been criticized for being too broad.
Almost any behavior could be stretched into being some type of “disorder.”
The number of categories has increased from 60 in the 1950s to 400 today.
Also, the number of people diagnosed with something has increased substantially.
What used to be the regular “ups and downs of life” is now “bipolar disorder.”
What used to be sassiness is now “oppositional defiance disorder.”
What used to be fidgety is now “ADHD.”
did a study in 1973 on labels. He and other normal people lied and said they heard voices talking to them. They were diagnosed with disorders.
The initial fact they were diagnosed might be okay. But later, the “causes” of their supposed problems were also pinpointed.
David Rohsana
In another experiment, people watched others on TV. The watchers
were shown different labels for the people they were watching. Thus, the watchers drew different conclusions about the people on TV.
tends to perpetuate stereotypes too of mental disorders. A person is usually either funny, freaky, or a psychotic killer.
People with mental disorders are rarely violent, but often the victims.
hollywood
Labels can also lead to the ________ _______ _______ where a person’s expectations cause the expected result.
For instance, if a teacher is told a student is “gifted” the teacher may grade more forgivingly on an essay. Thus, the student gets better grades and acts as though he or she really is gifted.
Or if student A speaks to student B and labels a teacher as “mean”, student B might be disrespectful to the teacher, see the teacher come down hard on student B, and thus verify student B’s perception of a mean teacher.
_self-fulfilling prophecy
Everyone feels ______ (worrying) at some point, like being nervous before giving a speech. But, for most people, anxiety is temporary. If it’s persistent, an anxiety disorder may be present.
anxiety
There are five basic anxieties
(1) generalized anxiety disorder, (2) panic disorder, (3) phobias, (4) obsessive-compulsive disorder, and (5) post-traumatic stress disorder.
worry that does not have a specific reason or a physical cause for the anxiety., The focus of the worry may change. The person cannot explain why he/she is so edgy.
generalized anxiety disorder