6 Flashcards
Which of the following is least likely to be a teratogen?
peanuts
researchers who attempt to estimate the influence of genetics - as compared to the influence of the environment -
heritability
which of the following statements uses the term “maturation” correctly as a developmental psychologist would use it?
“You can’t potty train a newborn because they lack the brain and muscle maturation necessary to do it.”
Sigmund Freud developed a theory of psychosexual development in which specific attention is given to a significant part of the body. A person can become fixated at a specific stage if proper developmental milestones are not achieved.
Which of the following is the BEST example of a person who has developed a fixation in the anal stage?
Mark is a 35-year-old business owner who is overly controlling and rigid when dealing with his employees.
Which parenting style is MOST correlated with confident, competent, self-directed children
Authoritative
What are the long-term consequences of attachment quality?
securely attached infants have healthier relationships later in life
Harry Harlow conducted an experiment in which infant rhesus monkeys were placed in an enclosure with two artificial mothers. The first mother was made of cloth and provided contact comfort but no food. The second mother was made of wire and provided food but no contact comfort.
Which of the following statements BEST summarizes Harlow’s conclusion?
the monkeys had an innate need for attachment
What is the overall theme of social development in childhood, according to Erik Erikson
feeling confident in your ability fo function in the world
Mary Ann is babysitting one-year-old Emily Michelle. The baby was comfortable with Mary Ann while her parents were still home, but began to cry when they left. When the parents returned, Emily Michelle eagerly hugged them.
What is Emily Michelle’s behavior likely a sign of?
secure, normal attachment
Sigmund Freud proposed that children who struggled to pass through five psychosexual stages of development would develop anxiety that leads to neurotic behavior in adulthood.
What did Freud call the failure to progress through a developmental stage?
fixation
In Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation experiment, a stranger would enter the room where an infant was playing with their parent. The parent would leave the child with the stranger and then return after a short period of time. The experiment concluded after about three minutes.
Given that the majority of infants showed some distress when the parent left the room, what is the MOST important ethical consideration in conducting a similar human study today?
the researcher must ensure that any distress caused by the experimental procedure is not harmful to the infant
Early specialists in lifespan development placed greater emphasis on the concept of critical periods, but recent developmental theorists are more likely to emphasize the idea of sensitive periods to development.
Which of the following BESET supports the concept of critical periods?
teratogens such as alcohol may interrupt prenatal development and cause irreversible effects in later physical and cognitive development through the lifespan
Osborn is a babysitter and psychology student. When four-year-old Electra was jealous that her older sister got more pieces of toast than she did, she cut Electra’s toast in half. Electra was satisfied that she now had the same amount of toast as everybody else.
Which one of Jean Piaget’s concepts does Electra not understand?
Con. conservation
Lemuel has recently entered the concrete operational stage.
What can he do now that he could NOT do when he was in the preoperational stage?
understand that a liter of water in a tall jug is the same as a liter of water in a wide jug
Baby Olympia grabbed a spoon, looked straight at Osborn, her babysitter, then dropped it on the ground.
Osborn has studied Piaget, so rather than take it personally, he thinks Olympia is likely choosing to drop the spoon because of which factor?
she is exploring her environment and building schemas
Tyler’s sister says things like “my toy feels sad” and “everyone wants macaroni for dinner because I do.”
Tyler’s siter is MOST likely in which stage of Piaget’s cognitive development?
preoperational
Which of the following statements BEST represents both Jean PIaget and Lev Vygotsky’s views on cognitive development?
children actively participate in their development of new understandings of the world
Osborn, the babysitter, is helping his charge Hyeon learn how to make friendship bracelets. Hyeon can already do a simple braid alone, but needs Osborn’s help to make a knotted bracelet, and cannot make a double-wave painted rainbow bracelet even with Osborn’s help.
Which of the bracelets are in his zone of proximal development?
knooted bracelet
John is a five-year-old boy growing up in Alaska where mosse roam freely. He knows that moose are large, furry animals that live outside. When he visits his cousin on a horse farm, he modifies his existing schema for large, furry animals to include horses.
Which process did John use to modify his schema?
accomedation
