People Units 8-10

Question 1

Locus of control

Answer 1

Julian Rotter

Question 2

trait theory of personality; 3 levels of traits: cardinal, central, and secondary

Answer 2

Gordon Allport

Question 3

Described human development as 8 psychosocial stages and each stage involves a crisis which must be resolved before a person can successfully move on to the next stage.

Answer 3

Eric Erikson

Question 4

Hierarchy of needs

Answer 4

Abraham Maslow

Question 5

Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.
1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic, personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego, reality and pleasure principles, ego ideal, defense mechanisms (expanded by Anna Freud), psychoanalysis, transference

Answer 5

Sigmund Freud

Question 6

1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian, analytic psychology; Contributions: people had conscious and unconscious awareness; archetypes; collective unconscious; libido is all types of energy, not just sexual; Studies: dream studies/interpretation

Answer 6

Carl Jung

Question 7

neo-Freudian, psychodynamic; criticized Freud, stated that personality is molded by current fears and impulses, rather than being determined solely by childhood experiences and instincts, neurotic trends; concept of “basic anxiety”

Answer 7

Karen Horney

Question 8

neo-Freudian, psychodynamic; Contributions: inferiority complex, organ inferiority; Studies: birth order influences personality

Answer 8

Alfred Adler

Question 9

Founder of humanistic psychology; personality = real and ideal self

Answer 9

Carl Rodgers

Question 10

Famous for the Bobo Doll experiments on observational learning & influence in the Socio-Cognitive Perspective

Answer 10

Albert Bandura

Question 11

Hierarchy of needs

Answer 11

Abraham Manslow

Question 12

used direct observation and experimentation to study sexual response cycle (4 stages

Answer 12

William Masters

Question 13

swallowed a balloon to prove stomach contracts when you feel hunger

Answer 13

A.L. Washburn

Question 14

choking under pressure

Answer 14

Roy Beaumeister

Question 15

came up with the self perception theory?

Answer 15

Daryl Bem

Question 16

1871-1945; Field: motivation; Contributions: believed that gastric activity as in empty stomach, was the sole basis for hunger; Studies: inserted balloons in stomachs

Answer 16

Walter Cannon

Question 17

-Evolution by “natural selection” (the weaker die out) wrote On the Origin of Species

Answer 17

Charles Darwin

Question 18

American behavorial scientist who, along with William H. Masters, conducted pioneering research in the field of human sexuality and sex therapy.

Answer 18

Virginia Johnson

Question 19

researcher who has seemingly discovered an organic (physical) difference between the brains of homosexual and heterosexual individuals

Answer 19

Simon LeVay