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Biology Yr 10-11 > Unit 7 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a balanced diet

A

contains all the nutrients needed by the body

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2
Q

what are carbohydrates

A

provide energy
found in pasta and bread

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3
Q

what are fas

A

provide energy
found in nuts and oil

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4
Q

what are proteins

A

growth and repair
found in meat and fish

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5
Q

what is vitamin C

A

maintains healthy blood vessels, helps with wound healing
found in citrus

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6
Q

what is vitamin D

A

helps regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate(for bones)

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7
Q

what is calcium

A

strengthens teeth and bone, found in milk

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8
Q

what is iron

A

production of haemoglobin for RBC, found in red meats

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9
Q

what is fibre

A

helps digestion and moving of faeces, found in fruits and vegetables

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10
Q

what is water

A

needed for almost every process since the body is almost 60 %water

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11
Q

what factor does a persons diet depend on

A

age
sex
activity

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12
Q

what is a deficiency disease

A

an illness created by the lack of an essential nutrient

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13
Q

what is scurvy caused by

A

insufficient vitamin C

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14
Q

what is constipation caused by

A

caused by insufficient fibre or water

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15
Q

what is rickets caused bt

A

insufficient vitamin D

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16
Q

how is iron deficiency caused by

A

blood loss
certain medecine
insufficient iron

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17
Q

what is the alimentary canal

A

the tube throuhg which food passes through the body in the form of bolus

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18
Q

what is the order of the alimentary canal

A

mouth, oesophagus,stomach,small intestine(duodenum,ileum),large intestine(colon,rectum),anus

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19
Q

what are the other parts of the human digestive system

A

salivary glands
liver
gall bladder
pancreas

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20
Q

what is ingestion

A

taking substances into the body through the mouth

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21
Q

what is digestion

A

the breakdown of food in the mouth and stomach

22
Q

what is absorption

A

the movement of nutrients from the intestines into the blood

23
Q

what is assimilation

A

the uptake and use of nurtrients by cells

24
Q

what is egestion

A

the removal of undigested food from the body as faeces

25
Q

what is physical digestion

A

the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical changes to the molecules

26
Q

what is the purpose of physical digestion

A

increases the surface area of food for the action of enzymes in chemical digestion

27
Q

where are the incisor and canines and what is their purpose

A

the front of the mouth and used to bite and tear food into smaller chunks

28
Q

where are the premolars and molars and what is their purpose

A

back of the mouth, used to chew food

29
Q

what is enamel

A

very hard,covers the front of the teeth to protet the inside

30
Q

what is dentine

A

found underneath the enamel
easier to decay

31
Q

what is the pulp

A

central part of the tooth
made of soft tissues that holds blood vessels and nerves

32
Q

what is cement

A

covers the root of the teeth and stabilises it

33
Q

how is the stomach involved in physical digestion

A

through churning to break food up more

34
Q

what is the role of bile

A

secreted by the liver and emulsifies fat
increases the surface area so enzymes can digest them quicker

35
Q

what is chemical digestion

A

the breakdown of large insoulble molecules into small soluble molecules which can then be absorbed

36
Q

what does amylase break down

A

starch into simple reducing sugars

37
Q

what does protease breakd own

A

protein to amino acids

38
Q

what does lipase break down

A

fats and oild into fatty acid and glycerol

39
Q

where is amylase secreted

A

by the salivary glands

40
Q

where is protease secreted

A

by the pancreas into the small intestine

41
Q

where is lipase secreted

A

produced in the pancreas,mouth and stomach into the small intestine

42
Q

what is hydrochloric acid used for

A

found in gastric juice and kills harmful microorganisms in food
also creates an acidic pH for enzymes

43
Q

how is starch digested

A

amylase breaks down starch to maltose
maltase breaks down maltose to glucose

44
Q

how is protein digested

A

pepsin breaks down protein in the acidic conditions of the stomach
trypsin breaks down protein in the alkaline conditions of the small intestine

45
Q

what is bile

A

an alkaline mixture that neutralises the acidic mixture of food and gastric juices entering and provides a suitable pH

46
Q

what do the salivary glands do

A

produce saliva and make food easier to swallow

47
Q

what do the liver and gall bladder do

A

produce bile to digest fat
bile is stored in the gall bladder

48
Q

what do the pancreas do

A

secrete pancreatic juices which neutralises the acid in food leaving the stomach

49
Q

what happens in the small intestine

A

region where nutrients are absorbed

50
Q

where is most water absorbed

A

mostly in the small intestine but some is absorbed in the colon

51
Q

how is the internal surface area of the small intestine increased

A

through villi and microvilli which allows for quicker absorption

52
Q

what is the structure of the villus

A

one artery and vein with a lacteal in the middle

Biology Yr 10-11 (20 decks)

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