Unit 7 Flashcards
what is a balanced diet
contains all the nutrients needed by the body
what are carbohydrates
provide energy
found in pasta and bread
what are fas
provide energy
found in nuts and oil
what are proteins
growth and repair
found in meat and fish
what is vitamin C
maintains healthy blood vessels, helps with wound healing
found in citrus
what is vitamin D
helps regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate(for bones)
what is calcium
strengthens teeth and bone, found in milk
what is iron
production of haemoglobin for RBC, found in red meats
what is fibre
helps digestion and moving of faeces, found in fruits and vegetables
what is water
needed for almost every process since the body is almost 60 %water
what factor does a persons diet depend on
age
sex
activity
what is a deficiency disease
an illness created by the lack of an essential nutrient
what is scurvy caused by
insufficient vitamin C
what is constipation caused by
caused by insufficient fibre or water
what is rickets caused bt
insufficient vitamin D
how is iron deficiency caused by
blood loss
certain medecine
insufficient iron
what is the alimentary canal
the tube throuhg which food passes through the body in the form of bolus
what is the order of the alimentary canal
mouth, oesophagus,stomach,small intestine(duodenum,ileum),large intestine(colon,rectum),anus
what are the other parts of the human digestive system
salivary glands
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
what is ingestion
taking substances into the body through the mouth
what is digestion
the breakdown of food in the mouth and stomach
what is absorption
the movement of nutrients from the intestines into the blood
what is assimilation
the uptake and use of nurtrients by cells
what is egestion
the removal of undigested food from the body as faeces
what is physical digestion
the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical changes to the molecules
what is the purpose of physical digestion
increases the surface area of food for the action of enzymes in chemical digestion
where are the incisor and canines and what is their purpose
the front of the mouth and used to bite and tear food into smaller chunks
where are the premolars and molars and what is their purpose
back of the mouth, used to chew food
what is enamel
very hard,covers the front of the teeth to protet the inside
what is dentine
found underneath the enamel
easier to decay
what is the pulp
central part of the tooth
made of soft tissues that holds blood vessels and nerves
what is cement
covers the root of the teeth and stabilises it
how is the stomach involved in physical digestion
through churning to break food up more
what is the role of bile
secreted by the liver and emulsifies fat
increases the surface area so enzymes can digest them quicker
what is chemical digestion
the breakdown of large insoulble molecules into small soluble molecules which can then be absorbed
what does amylase break down
starch into simple reducing sugars
what does protease breakd own
protein to amino acids
what does lipase break down
fats and oild into fatty acid and glycerol
where is amylase secreted
by the salivary glands
where is protease secreted
by the pancreas into the small intestine
where is lipase secreted
produced in the pancreas,mouth and stomach into the small intestine
what is hydrochloric acid used for
found in gastric juice and kills harmful microorganisms in food
also creates an acidic pH for enzymes
how is starch digested
amylase breaks down starch to maltose
maltase breaks down maltose to glucose
how is protein digested
pepsin breaks down protein in the acidic conditions of the stomach
trypsin breaks down protein in the alkaline conditions of the small intestine
what is bile
an alkaline mixture that neutralises the acidic mixture of food and gastric juices entering and provides a suitable pH
what do the salivary glands do
produce saliva and make food easier to swallow
what do the liver and gall bladder do
produce bile to digest fat
bile is stored in the gall bladder
what do the pancreas do
secrete pancreatic juices which neutralises the acid in food leaving the stomach
what happens in the small intestine
region where nutrients are absorbed
where is most water absorbed
mostly in the small intestine but some is absorbed in the colon
how is the internal surface area of the small intestine increased
through villi and microvilli which allows for quicker absorption
what is the structure of the villus
one artery and vein with a lacteal in the middle
