Unit 11 and 12

Question 1

what is the function of the lungs

Answer 1

main organs in the respiratory system where gas exchange takes place

Question 2

what is the function of the ribs and intercostal muscles

Answer 2

intercostal muscles are found between the ribs and allow for breathing to happen
ribs protect the heart and lungs from physical damage

Question 3

what is the function of the larynx

Answer 3

contains the vocal cords

Question 4

what is the function of the trachea

Answer 4

connects the throat to the lungs
C-shaped cartilage rings are present to provide structural strength

Question 5

what is the function of the bronchi

Answer 5

hollow tubes composed of cartilage rings that carry air from the trachea to the lungs

Question 6

what is the function of the bronchioles

Answer 6

smaller tubes which branch off from the bronchi in the lungs leading to the alveoli

Question 7

what is the function of the alveoli

Answer 7

where gas exchange occurs
composed of tiny air sacs

Question 8

what is ventilation

Answer 8

the act of moving air into and out of the lungs to allow gas exchange to happen

Question 9

steps of breathing in

Answer 9

internal intercostal muscles relax while the external intercostal muscles contract
ribs are pulled up and outward while diaphragm flattens
volume in the thorax increases
air diffuses into lungs

Question 10

steps of breathing out

Answer 10

volume of thorax decreases which increases pressure so that air is forced out
internal intercostal muscles contract when forcibly breathing

Question 11

difference between inhaled air and exhaled air

Answer 11

inhaled air has more oxygen than exhaled air
exhaled air has more carbon dioxide
exhaled air also contains more water vapor than inhaled air

Question 12

adaptations of exchange surfaces

Answer 12

large surface area
thin surface
good blood supply to maintain concentration gradient
moist to allow gases to dissolve before diffusing across the membranes

Question 13

how is the lung adapted to protect the body from pathogens

Answer 13

goblet cells in the trachea and bronchi that excrete mucus to catch foreign pathogens and particles

Question 14

what is respiration

Answer 14

the chemical reaction which happens in almost all cells in the body to produce energy from nutrient molecules

Question 15

what is aerobic respiration

Answer 15

happens in the presence of oxygen
glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide, water and energy
occurs in the mitochondria

Question 16

formula for aerobic respiration

Answer 16

glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide +water

Question 17

where are high amounts of mitochondria found

Answer 17

in cells that require lots of energy

Question 18

what is anaerobic respiratin

Answer 18

occurs when oxygen is not present
less efficient
occurs in cytoplasm
happens during vigorous exercise
glucose breaks down into energy and lactic acid which builds up and causes muscle fatigue

Question 19

what is an oxygen debt

Answer 19

when lactic acid builds up, it must be transported to the liver where its broken down into carbon dioxide and water using oxygen

Question 20

why do microorganisms undergo anaerobic respiration

Answer 20

yeast breaks down anaerobically to form alcohol and carbon dioxide instead of lactic acid

Question 21

what is the formula for anaerobic respiration in yeast and animals

Answer 21

yeast- glucose= alcohol + carbon dioxide
animal- glucose=lactic acid