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Biology Yr 10-11 > Unit 20 > Flashcards

Unit 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

how have humans used agricultural machinery to produce more food

A

increases efficiency and larger areas of land is used

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2
Q

how have humans used chemical fertilizers to produce more food

A

increases crop yields

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3
Q

how have humans used insecticides

A

increases crop yields and food quality

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4
Q

why do humans use herbicides

A

reduces number of weeds

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5
Q

why do humans use selective breeding

A

improves production of livestock and crops

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6
Q

what is monoculture

A

one variety of crop is grown at a time

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7
Q

disadvantages of monoculture

A

reduced biodiversity in the area
diseases can spread easier which leads to more insecticides
soil is damaged since nutrients are used up and soil will erode
increased fertilizers and insecticides causes pollution

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8
Q

advantages of monoculture

A

allows farmers to use machinery and increases efficiency
easier to manage
takes advantage of certain weather conditions

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9
Q

advantages of intensive livestock production

A

produces high amounts of food for growing human population
efficiency increases while costs decrease

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10
Q

disadvantages of intensive livestock production

A

impacts the animals wellbeing and health
impacts the environment(pollution)
disease can spread quickly

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11
Q

what is biodiversity

A

the number of different species living in an area

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12
Q

what are reasons for habitat destruction

A

increased area for housing, crop production and livestock
extraction of natural resources
freshwater and marine pollution

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13
Q

how can humans have a negative impact on negative habitats

A

through altering food webs and food chains

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14
Q

what is deforestation

A

the cutting down of trees in forests

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15
Q

what can deforestation lead to

A

flooding
loss of soil
extinction of species
increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

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16
Q

what is flooding(deforestation)

A

trees hold soil together and when theyre gone soil is washed away

17
Q

what is loss of soil (deforestation)

A

when large areas are cleared, the protective layer of vegetation is lost
soil is then blown away by wind or rain

18
Q

what is extinction (deforestation)

A

animals may be forced to migrate or stay in the area where they struggle to find food and shelter since the habitats are destroyed

19
Q

what is carbon dioxide(deforestation)

A

with trees gone, photosynthesis cannot occur and carbon dioxide is not converted to carbohydrates

20
Q

what is pollution

A

the release of any substance that has a toxic effect on the environment

21
Q

what is the effect on untreated sewage and excess fertilizer in aquatic ecosystems

A

causes eutrophication and pollutes waterways that kills fish and plants while also endangering human life

22
Q

what are the effects of non biodegradable plastic on aquatic ecosytems

A

cases suffocation and entanglement of marine wildlife and can cause starvation of fish
can also affect humans

23
Q

what are the effects of non biodegradable plastic on terrestrial ecosystems

A

causes soil destruction and animal deaths
can also infect humans with harmful chemicals

24
Q

how does air pollution affect the nevironment

A

leads to the greenhouse effect due to methane and carbon dioxide and climate change as the earth gets warmer

25
Q

what is eutrophication of water

A

fertilizer leaks into waters
increases growth of producers
leads to increased decomposition and blocking of sunlight
reduced oxygen
death of organisms such as plants and marine life due to loss of oxygen

26
Q

what is a sustainable resource

A

one which is produced as rapidly as its removed from the environment

27
Q

what resources can be conserved and managed sustainably

A

forests and fish stocks

28
Q

reasons for endangerment or extinction of organisms

A

climate change
habitat loss
hunting
overharvesting
pollution
introduction of new species

29
Q

how can endangered species be conserved

A

monitoring of protected species and habitats
education
captive breeding programs
seed banks

30
Q

how can forests be conserved

A

education
protected areas
quotas
replanting

31
Q

how can fish stocks be conserved

A

education
closed seasons
protected areas
controlled net types and mesh size
quotas and monitoring

32
Q

what are the reasons for conversation programmes

A

maintaning or increasing biodiversity
reducing extinction
protecting vulnerable ecosystems
maintaining ecosystem functions

33
Q

what is artificial insemination and IVF used for in captive breeding programmes

A

increases populations of organisms and reduces endangered species

34
Q

what are the risks to a species if population size decreases

A

reducing genetic variation in he species and leads to extinction

Biology Yr 10-11 (20 decks)

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